Produksi Larva Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) dari Limbah Kulit Pisang dan Limbah Nangka Muda

WIDYA PANGESTU, Ir. Agus Prasetya, M.Eng.Sc., Ph.D. ; Rochim Bakti Cahyono, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2017 | Tesis | S2 TEKNIK SISTEM

INTISARI Permasalahan limbah perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius, khususnya limbah organik mengingat efek negatif yang ditimbulkan terhadap lingkungan. Pengolahan limbah organik perlu dikembangkan untuk mengurangi dampak buruk dan memberi nilai tambah pada limbah organik. Teknologi tepat guna telah banyak diteliti untuk pengolahan limbah organik, salah satunya yaitu proses biokonversi menggunakan larva black soldier fly. Larva black soldier fly merupakan jenis lalat yang tidak menyebarkan penyakit dan mengandung protein tinggi. Black soldier fly diharapkan mampu melakukan proses biokonversi untuk mengurangi penimbunan limbah organik, khususnya limbah kulit pisang dan nangka muda. Penelitian ini menggunakan media pakan kulit pisang dan nangka muda dengan variasi feeding rate 60; 80 dan 100 mg/larva/hari. Larva black soldier fly yang digunakan sebanyak 200 ekor. Masa observasi larva black soldier fly selama 21 hari. Analisa yang diteliti adalah substrate consumption, waste reduction index, berat larva, proksimat media pakan dan larva, serta analisa kelayakan ekonomi produksi larva black soldier fly. Rasio limbah yang paling optimal pada penelitian ini dilihat dari nilai pengurangan limbah (waste reduction index) tertinggi, yaitu didapatkan pada media pakan nangka muda dengan feeding rate 100 mg/larva/hari dengan berat total larva 9,16 gram, nilai biokonversi pakan menjadi biomassa sebesar 2,27% dan nilai metabolisme 45,68%. Reduksi limbah paling optimal pada proses biokonversi dapat dilihat dari nilai subtrate consumption sebesar 193,77 gram dan waste reduction index 27,68 gram/hari. Kandungan protein larva sebesar 12,71% dan lemak sebesar 1,32%. Analisa kelayakan ekonomi pada unit produksi larva black soldier fly dengan kapasitas produksi 2 ton per hari membutuhkan investasi sebesar Rp 383.197.756,00 biaya operasional per tahun Rp 626.167.218,00 dan harga penjualan produk Rp 695.485.000,00 per tahun. Parameter kelayakan ekonomi diliat dari nilai Rate of Return on Investment (ROI) 19,15%, nilai break even point (BEP) 58%, pay out time selama 3,4 tahun dan discounted cash flow rate of return (DCFRR) sebesar 20,24%.

The problems related to waste need serious attention, especially organic waste, in the light of its negative effects on the environment. Organic waste management should be developed to reduce its adverse impacts and to add value to organic waste. Appropriate technology has been widely studied for the processing of organic waste, one of which is the process of bioconversion using black soldier fly larvae. Black soldier fly larvae are a type of fly that does not spread disease and contains high protein. Black soldier flies are expected to perform bioconversion process, reducing the accumulation of organic waste, especially for banana peels and young jackfruits. The present research used banana peels and young jackfruit medium with feeding rate variation of 60; 80 and 100 mg/larvae/day. Black soldier fly larvae used were 200. The observation period of black soldier fly larvae was 21 days. The analysis studied was substrate consumption, waste reduction index, larvae�s weight, feed medium proximate and larvae, and economic feasibility analysis on black soldier fly larvae production. The most optimal waste ratio in this research was obtained from young jackfruit feed medium with feeding rate of 100 mg/larvae/day with total larvae weight of 9,16 gram. The feed bioconversion value into biomass is of 2,27%, and metabolic value of 45,68%. The most optimal waste reduction in the bioconversion process can be seen from the substrate consumption value of 193,77 gram, and the waste reduction index of 27,68 g/day. Then, the protein and fat contents were 12,71% and 135%. Economic feasibility analysis on production unit of black soldier fly larvae with production capacity of 2 tons per day requires an investment of Rp 383.197.756,00, operational cost per year of Rp 626.167.218,00 and product selling price of Rp 695.485.000,00 per year. The economic feasibility parameter is observed from the Rate of Return on Investment (ROI) of 19,15%, Break Even Point (BEP) of 58%, Pay Out Time (POT) value of 3,4 years and Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) of 20,24%.

Kata Kunci : larva black soldier fly; biokonversi; kulit pisang; nangka muda