Konstruksi Sosial Tata Ruang Pesantren :(Studi di Pondok Pesantren Al-Muayyad Surakarta).

EKAWATI, Agnestya , Andreas Soeroso

2012 | Tesis | Sosiologi

ABSTRACT Pesantren (Islamic boarding school) is dormitory of traditional Islamic education in which the students live together and study religious knowledge under the guidance of one (or more) teachers are better knows as kyai (Moslem teacher) (Dhofier, 1982: 44). In colonial period, pesantren was directly involved against the invaders (Qomar, 2007: 23). Pesantren is also an education which is filled with nuances of social transformation (A’la, 2006: 3). Definition of Pesantren above shows that pesantren is complex social institution, whose development is much influenced by modernization. Modernization has changed pesantren to more open in providing organized educational, clear curriculum and can produce skilled graduates so nowadays pesantren builds room access to provide the process of knowledge transformation. Seeing this phenomenon, the later problem is how the process of change affects the space in pesantren is and how the meaning is. The basic assumption of this research is pesantren spatial is not only to discourse its function as a place of the process of knowledge transformation, but also as social construction. Therefore, the formulations of problems in this research are: 1) How the process of social construction of spatial of Pesantren Al-Muayyad. 2) How the meaning of spatial of Pesantren Al-Muayyad. Related to those formulations of problems, paradigm of social construction of Berger and Luckmann is taken to analyze how the process of social construction and the meaning of pesantren spatial in influencing social relation in pesantren. Moreover, paradigm of Lefebvre is also used to describe how the production of space occurs considering that the production of space come from dialectics between space and time to describe a social relation. Qualitative method with phenomenology approach is chosen in this research and the location of research is in PP Al-Muayyad, Mangkuyudan Village, Purwosari District, Laweyan Sub-district, Surakarta Regency, Central Java Province. Data collecting in this research is done by: observation, interview, and documentary (recording, typing, editing or over writing), while data analysis is carried out by data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. As facts found in the field, social construction of pesantren spatial especially in pesantren Al-Muayyad involved the power of kyai and the consequences of socioreligious change leading to development involved building symbols such as mosque, dormitory, ndalem (house of caregiver), school building etc. It means kyai as individual who create a social reality in pesantren also as affected individual by social change nowadays that according to Berger and Luckmann known as dialectics process that continuously happening in which it is engendered by the subject then absorbed by the structure and return it again to influence consciousness of subject through internalization process. Moreover, social construction of pesantren spatial involves ideology meaning and economic meaning in its achievement, considering that pesantren spatial as reality does not come from an empty space but from construction result. The pesantren spatial regardless of the material form has a meaning and values that considered by individual through spatial symbols to influence pattern of social relation in pesantren. Keywords: Social Construction, Spatial, Pesantren (Islamic boarding school)

Kata Kunci : Pendidikan Islam; Pesantren