Permukiman Desa Pegayaman Bali Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Islam

ENDY AGUSTIAN, Prof. Ir. Sudaryono, M.Eng., Ph.D. ; Ir. Didik Kristiadi, MLA., M.Arch. UD.

2017 | Tesis | S2 Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Permukiman Desa Pegayaman merupakan satu-satunya desa di Bali yang mayoritas penduduknya muslim. Permukiman ini terletak di perbukitan Bali utara tepatnya di Kecamatan Sukasada, Kabupaten Buleleng, Provinsi Bali. Keunikan permukiman ini terletak pada kenyataan bahwa semua penduduknya beragama Islam dan masyarakat Pegayaman bukan pendatang tetapi orang asli Bali. Walaupun berada di tengah-tengah masyarakat Bali yang mayoritas beragama Hindu, masyarakat di dalam permukiman ini tetap membangun kehidupan yang harmonis. Hal ini telah membuktikan bahwa agama mampu menciptakan suatu kerukunan ditengah-tengah besarnya perbedaan di Bali. Di dalam permukiman, ini seluruh tatanan kehidupan sosial dan keagamaan dilandasi dengan semangat dan ajaran Islam. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa karakteristik jagat Bali sebagaimana yang selama ini dikenal telah hilang di Pegayaman. Akan tetapi, di dalam permukiman ini terdapat unsur-unsur budaya Bali yang terlihat pada perayaan hari-hari besar Islam seperti Maulid Nabi, perayaan subak, sistem penamaan, dan penggunaan bahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan induktif dengan metode penelitian kualitatif fenomenologi. Analisis data terdiri atas empat analisis yaitu analisis domain, taksonomi, komponensial, dan tema budaya. Penekanan diberikan pada aktivitas masyarakat dan hasil observasi termasuk di dalamnya pemanfaatan alam oleh masyarakat. Dengan demikian, tujuan untuk menemukan konsep permukiman Desa Muslim Pegayaman tercapai. Hasil penelitian telah dapat mendeskripsikan tema-tema empirik yang diperoleh berdasarkan unit informasi. Berdasarkan unit informasi dan tema-tema empirik tersebut menunjukan adanya empat konsep permukiman Desa Muslim Pegayaman yang meliputi: (1) proses terbentuknya Desa Muslim Pegayaman sebagai hadiah yang memiliki kewenangan tersendiri, (2) pola keruangan berbasis sistem kekerabatan, (3) ruang pertanian sebagai keberdayaan masyarakat, (4) masjid sebagai inti tata ruang dan tata sosial budaya. Berdasarkan konsep-konsep tersebut, maka diperoleh satu teorisasi yaitu permukiman Desa Pegayaman Bali berbasis nilai-nilai Islam.

Pegayaman village settlement is the only one village in Bali which of that the community members are moslem. This settlement is located at the hills of north Bali in Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province. The uniqueness of this settlement is all members of the community are moslem and they are not immigrant who are the original residents of Bali. Despite being in the middle of Bali people that majority are Hindu, all the people in this settlement remain to build a harmonious life. It has been proved that religion is able to create a harmony in the middle of difference in Bali. In this settlement, the entire of sosial life and religious life is based on the spirit and rule of Islam. So, it can be said that the characteristics of Bali as it is known has been lost in Pegayaman village. However, in this settlement there are elements of Balinese culture that are seen in the celebration of Islam holy days, for example: Maulid Nabi, celebration of subak, naming system, and the use of language. This research uses an inductive approach with phenomenological qualitative research methods. The data analysis consists of four analyses, they are domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and culture theme analysis. Emphasis is given on community activities and observation result, including the utilization of nature by community. So, the purpose to find the concept of Pegayaman village settlement comes true. The research results have been able to describe the empirical themes based on information units. The information units and the empirical themes show that there are four concepts of Pegayaman moslem village settlement which include: (1) the formation process of Pegayaman moslem village settlement as a gift that has the authority of its own, (2) the pattern of spatial based on kinship system, (3) agricultural space as community empowerment, (4) the mosque as the core spatial and socio-cultural. Based on these concepts, it is obtained a theorization that the settlement of Pegayaman village in Bali is based on islamic values.

Kata Kunci : Permukiman, desa, muslim / Moslem, village, settlement