HUBUNGAN INFEKSI SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS (STH) DENGAN STATUS GIZI DAN ANEMIA PADA BALITA DI PUSKESMAS KOKAR KABUPATEN ALOR

INDRA ELISABET L, Dr. dr. Mahardika A. W, DTM&H., M. Kes.; dr. Elsa Herdiana M, M.Kes., Ph.D.

2017 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

Latar belakang. Infeksi kecacingan umumnya oleh kelompok cacing Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) yaitu Ascaris lumbrocoides, Trichuris trichiura dan hookworm. Kecacingan berdampak pada masalah kesehatan yang lain seperti diare, malnutrisi dan anemia. Balita adalah tahap perkebangan anak yang rentan terhadap berbagai penyakit. Puskesmas Kokar sebagai wilayah dengan persentasi balita gizi buruk dan gizi kurang terbanyak ketiga di Kabupaten Alor, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Malnutrisi dan infeksi kecacingan bertalian satu dengan yang lain, malnutrisi dapat menyebabkan kecacingan dan sebaliknya kecacingan dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi. Tujuan penelitian. Mengetahui prevalensi dan intensitas infeksi kecacingan, hubungan antara infeksi STH dengan status gizi, anemia dan demografi. Metode penelitian. Menggunakan rancangan cross-sectional teknik quota sampling. Sampel balita berumur 12-59 bulan sebanyak 234 orang, dengan status gizi buruk : 7,7%, kurang : 19,2%, normal : 70,5% dan lebih : 2,6%. Pengumpulan data pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2015 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kokar, Kabupaten Alor, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Orang tua subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi diwawancarai menggunakan panduan kuesioner. Sampel tinja dikumpulkan dan diidentifikasi jenis dan intensitas infeksi STH menggunakan metode Kato-Katz. Hemoglobin diperiksa dengan metode sahli. Hasil penelitian. Dari 234 balita yang diperiksa sebesar 18,38%. Infeksi tunggal ditemukan pada 24 balita (10,26%) dengan intensitas infeksi A.lumbricodes adalah 4,70% intensitas ringan dan 1,71% intensitas sedang; infeksi T.trichiura dengan intensitas ringan sejumlah 1,71% dan infeksi hookworm dengan intensitas ringan sejumlah 2,14%. Infeksi ganda dialami oleh 8,12% balita dengan intensitas infeksi ringan sebesar 4,70%, intensitas infeksi sedang sebesar 2,56% dan intensitas infeksi berat sebesar 0,86%. Hasil analisis hubungan antara infeksi STH dan status gizi menunjukkan nilai p > 0,05. Balita yang mengalami anemia 97,9% dan 2,1% tidak anemia. Hasil analisis hubungan antara infeksi STH dengan anemia menunjukkan nilai p> 0,05. Hasil analisis hubungan antara infeksi STH dan demografi menunjukkan nilai p>0,05. Kesimpulan. Prevalensi infeksi STH pada balita di puskesmas Kokar adalah sebesar 18,38% dengan intensitas infeksi tunggal adalah ringan dan sedang dan intensitas infeksi ganda adalah ringan, sedang dan berat. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara kejadian infeksi STH dengan status gizi dan anemia. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara demografi dan kejadian infeksi STH.

Background. Worm infection is commonly caused by Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) group which are Ascaris lumbrocoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm. Worm may cause other health problems such as diarhea, malnutrition, and anemia. Children under five years old are vulnerable against many diseases. Primary Health Care Kokar as the region with the percentage of children malnutrition and undernourishment third highest in Alor regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Malnutrition and worm infection related to one another, malnutrition can lead to worm infestation and vice versa worm can cause malnutrition. Research aim. To gain insight regarding the prevalence and intensity of worm infestation, the correlation between STH infection and nutrition status, anemia, and the demography condition. Research method. The research used a cross-sectional approach with quota sampling technique. There were samples aged 12-59 months as many as 234 people, with severely underweight : 7.7%, underweight : 19.2%, normal: 70.5%, and overweight : 2.6%. Data were collected in August - October 2015 in Kokar primary health care, Alor Recency, East Nusa Tenggara. The subjects parents who meet the inclusion criteria were interviewed using a questionnaire guide. Fecal samples were collected and the type and intensity of STH infection was identified using the Kato-Katz method. Examination of hemoglobin by the Sahli method. Result. The incidence of STH infections among children under five in Kokar primary health care was 18.38%. There were single infection suffered by the 10,26% children under five with the intensity of infection A.lumbricodes : light intensity was 4,70% and moderate intensity was 1,71%; infection of T.trichiura was 1,71% with light intensity and infection of hookworm was 2,14% with a light intensity. There were double infection suffered by 8,12% children with intensity of light infection was 4,70%, moderate intensity of infection was 2,56% and heavy intensity of infections was 0,86%.Analysis of the relationship between STH infection and nutritional status show the value of p> 0.05.There were 97.9% children under five years who suffered anemia and 2.1% with no anemia. Analysis of the relationship between STH infection with anemia show the value of p> 0.05. Analysis of the relationship between STH infection and demographics demonstrate the value of p> 0.05. Conclusion. The prevalence of STH infection in children under five years at the Kokar Community Health Center is 18.38% with the intensity of a single infection being mild and moderate and the intensity of multiple infections is mild, moderate and severe. There is no significant relationship between the incidence of STH infection with nutritional status and anemia. There is no significant relationship between demography and the incidence of STH infection.

Kata Kunci : Soil Transmitted Helminths, Status gizi, anemia, Kato-Katz, Kabupaten Alor, Soil Transmitted Helminths, Nutrition status, anemia, Kato-Katz, Alor Regency