Peta Distribusi dan Frekuensi Anggrek Epifitik Genus Coelogyne di Kawasan Pelestarian Plasma Nutfah PT Sari Bumi Kusuma, Kalimantan Tengah

ELSA ROSTIYANA , Ir. Supriyadi, M. For. Sc.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

PT Sari Bumi Kusuma adalah salah satu perusahaan swasta nasional yang memiliki izin untuk memanen kayu di hutan alam yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Perusahaan mempertimbangkan aspek ekologis untuk mencapai pengelolaan hutan lestari. Salah satu faktor dalam aspek tersebut adalah inventarisasi tumbuhan yang dilindungi termasuk anggrek epifitik genus Coelogyne. Genus ini dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional dan bio-indikator kesehatan ekosistem hutan. Keberadaan genus ini dilindungi oleh PP RI No. 7 tahun 1999, IUCN, dan CITES. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menyusun peta distribusi anggrek epifitik genus Coelogyne, mengestimasi frekuensi anggrek epifitik genus Coelogyne, dan mengidentifikasi spesies pohon inang di Kawasan Pelestarian Plasma Nutfah PT Sari Bumi Kusuma, Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kawasan Pelestarian Plasma Nutfah PT Sari Bumi Kusuma, Kalimantan Tengah. Untuk membuat peta distribusi, data yang dikumpulkan yaitu titik koordinat UTM, jumlah rumpun, dan ketinggian anggrek epifitik dari genus Coelogyne di atas permukaan laut. Kegiatan pengukuran yang dilakukan untuk mengestimasi frekuensi yaitu jumlah total pohon inang dan jumlah pohon individu di seluruh Kawasan Pelestarian Plasma Nutfah. Data yang dikumpulkan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis pohon inang yaitu jumlah total pohon inang/spesies, diameter dan tinggi pohon inang. Peta distribusi dianalisis dengan seri Arc GIS 10.1 Xtools 9.1. Frekuensi dianalisis dengan rumus frekuensi. Data spesies pohon inang disajikan dalam tabel dan grafik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 142 rumpun anggrek epifitik genus Coelogyne yang terdistribusi pada 142 individu pohon inang (jumlah spesies total pohon inang adalah 36 spesies pohon inang) di Kawasan Pelestarian Plasma Nutfah. Frekuensi anggrek epifitik genus Coelogyne pada pohon inang di Kawasan Pelestarian Plasma Nutfah PT Sari Bumi Kusuma adalah 0,24%. Spesies pohon inang yang telah ditemukan adalah Gluta renghas, Spondias pinnata, Pentaspadon motley, Mangifera sp., Polyalthia hypoleuca, Alstonia scholaris, Durio zibethinus, Dacryodes sp., Koompassia exelsa, Sindora wallichii, Dilenia eximia, Shorea leavifolia, Hopea sp. 1, Shorea sp., Hopea sp.2., Dipterocarpus sp., Shorea gibbosa, Shorea leprosula, Shorea hopeifolia, Anisoptera costata, Vatica sp., Shorea stenoptera, Eusideroxylon zwageri, Litsea firma, Magnolia lasia, Aglaia sp., Artocarpus tamaran , Artocarpus elasticus, Myristica sp., Eugenia sp., Xanthopyllum excelsum, Ochanosthacys amentacea, Nauclea sp., Palaquium sp., dan Aporusa nitida.

PT Sari Bumi Kusuma is a national private company which possesses license to harvest timber in natural forests issued by the government of Indonesia. The company considers the ecological aspect in order to achieve sustainable forest management. One of factors in that aspect is protected plants inventory including the epiphytic orchid of genus Coelogyne. This genus is utilized as traditional medicine and bio-indicator of forest ecosystem health. The existence of this genus is protected by PP RI No. 7 of 1999, IUCN, and CITES. The aims of this study are to compose distribution map of epiphytic orchid of genus Coelogyne, estimate the frequency of epiphytic orchid of genus Coelogyne, and identify the host trees species in the germplasm preservation area of PT Sari Bumi Kusuma, Central Kalimantan. This research was conducted in the germplasm preservation area of PT Sari Bumi Kusuma, Central Kalimantan. In order to compose the distribution map, data which were collected were UTM coordinate points, number of clumps, and the altitude of epiphytic orchids of the genus Coelogyne above sea level. Counting activity that was conducted to estimate the frequency was counting total number of individual host trees and total number of individual trees throughout the germplasm preservation area. Data which were collected to identify the species of the host trees were total number of individual host trees/species, diameter and height of host trees. The distribution map was analyzed by Arc GIS series 10.1 Xtools 9.1. The frequency was analyzed by the frequency formula. Data of host tree species were presented in tables and graphs. The results showed that there were 142 clumps of epiphytic orchids of genus Coelogyne which were distributed on 142 individual host trees (total species number of host trees was 36 species host trees) in the germplasm preservation area. The frequency of epiphytic orchids of genus Coelogyne on the host trees in the germplasm preservation area of PT Sari Bumi Kusuma was 0,24%. The host trees species that had been discovered were Gluta renghas, Spondias pinnata, Pentaspadon motley, Mangifera sp., Polyalthia hypoleuca, Alstonia scholaris, Durio zibethinus, Dacryodes sp., Koompassia exelsa, Sindora wallichii, Dilenia eximia, Shorea leavifolia, Hopea sp.1, Shorea sp., Hopea sp.2., Dipterocarpus sp., Shorea gibbosa, Shorea leprosula, Shorea hopeifolia, Anisoptera costata, Vatica sp., Shorea stenoptera, Eusideroxylon zwageri, Litsea firma, Magnolia lasia, Aglaia sp., Artocarpus tamaran, Artocarpus elasticus, Myristica sp., Eugenia sp., Xanthopyllum excelsum, Ochanosthacys amentacea, Nauclea sp., Palaquium sp., and Aporusa nitida.

Kata Kunci : Peta Distribusi, Frekuensi, PT Sari Bumi Kusuma, Coelogyne