STRATEGI PENCEGAHAN KEBAKARAN HUTAN BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI TAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT TIGA PULUH (KASUS: DESA SELENSEN, KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR PROVINSI RIAU)

CESAR A. MAPPATOBA, Dr. Ir. Lies Rahayu WF, M.P. ; Dr. Ir. Ris Hadi Purwanto, M.Agr.Sc.

2017 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Taman Nasional Bukit Tiga Puluh merupakan salah satu kawasan konservasi yang terbakar di tahun 2015. Sebagian besar areal yang terbakar merupakan lokasi yang telah direhabilitasi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik lokasi kebakaran di TNBT wilayah Selensen, mengetahui kapasitas masyarakat terkait pencegahan kebakaran hutan, dan merumuskan strategi pencegahan kebakaran hutan berbasis masyarakat di TNBT. Tipe penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan metode survey. Analisis spasial dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik lokasi kebakaran, analisis deskriptif untuk mengetahui kapasitas masyarakat dan analisis SWOT dan AHP untuk merumuskan strategi pencegahan kebakaran hutan berbasis masyarakat. Kebakaran hutan di TNBT terjadi di hutan lahan kering sekunder, tanah mineral sehingga digolongkan sebagai kebakaran permukaan. Lokasi kebakaran berjarak < 2 Km dari akses jalan dan sungai. Aktivitas manusia penyebab utama kebakaran hutan, yaitu masyarakat luar Selensen yang berburu dan mencari rotan / kayu dengan membakar jalan untuk membuka akses, pembakaran hutan oleh Suku Anak Dalam, dan kelalaian masyarakat membuang puntung rokok. Kebakaran didukung oleh curah hujan yang rendah. Masyarakat Selensen memiliki kapasitas dalam pencegahan kebakaran hutan berbasis masyarakat. 47,2% masyarakat memiliki pengetahuan tentang kebakaran hutan, sikap masyarakat tentang pencegahan kebakaran hutan tergolong tinggi, dan adanya kearifan lokal yaitu: (1) cincang peron; (2) galang api; (3) gotong royong; (4) peraturan tidak tertulis sanksi membakar lahan; (5) pembukaan lahan di musim hujan; (6) ritual manggil angin. Masyarakat memiliki tingkat modal sosial pada taraf sedang sehingga mendukung kemitraan dengan pemerintah untuk mencegah kebakaran. Strategi prioritas pencegahan kebakaran hutan berbasis masyarakat di TNBT adalah: (1) peningkatan keterampilan masyarakat melalui pelatihan pemadaman kebakaran awal dan deteksi dini kebakaran hutan, (2) peningkatan pengamanan TNBT dan sekitarnya yang melibatkan masyarakat, (3) meningkatkan intensitas penyuluhan, (4) optimalisasi pemanfaatan lahan masyarakat, (5) inisiasi percepatan diterbitkannya peraturan desa terkait kearifan lokal masyarakat yang bisa mencegah kebakaran hutan dan lahan.

Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park was one of the areas that were burnt in 2015. Most of the burnt areas were the location of rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to find out the characteristics of fire location at Selensen Village as one of buffer zone area in Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park, to know the capacity of the community related to forest fire prevention, and formulate a strategy of community-based prevention of forest fire in Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park. The type of research is descriptive with survey method. Spatial analysis conducted to find out the characteristics of the fire location, the descriptive analysis conducted to find out the capacity of the community, the SWOT and AHP cunducted to formulate a strategy of community-based prevention of forest fire. The forest fires at BTNP were occurred in a secondary dry land forest, mineral soil so that were classified as surface fires. The fires locations were less than 2 km from road and river. The main caused of fires in BTNP by human activities by communities outside Selensen that hunting and looking for rattan or wood by burning the access thus causing the fire jumped into BTNP, forest burning by Anak Dalam tribe, negligence of the community disposed of cigarette butts. Low rainfall exacerbated forest fires. Selensen had a community capacity in the community-based forest fire prevention. 47,2% of Selensen communities had knowledge of forest fires, the attitude of the community belongs to high. Local wisdom found during site research, such as: (1) cincang peron; (2) galang api; (3) gotong royong; (4) not written regulations related to land burned sanctions; (5) opening the areas during the rainy season; (6) ritual of fire control called Manggil Angin. The community had social capital in the medium level so it is supported community partnership with government prevent forest fires. The priorities strategy of community based prevention of forest fires in Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park are: (1) improving people's skills through training in early fire fighting and early detection of forest fires, (2) increasing security at Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park and surrounding areas that involve the community (3) increase the intensity of providing the information, (4) optimization of community's land use, (5) initiation to accelerate the issuance of village regulations related local wisdom that can prevent forest and land fires.

Kata Kunci : Pencegahan Kebakaran, Taman Nasional, kapasitas, AHP