PERBANDINGAN DAYA HAMBAT AZITHROMYCIN DAN METRONIDAZOLE TERHADAP BAKTERI PENYEBAB PERIODONTITIS KRONIS

PALUPI GARY WIDHIARSI, dr. Rini Maya Puspita, M. Sc ; drg. Trianna Wahyu Utami, MD. Sc., Ph. D.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Azithromycin adalah antibiotika golongan makrolid yang efektif terhadap Gram-negatif aerob dan anaeorob seperti porphyromonas, prevotella dan A. actinomycetemcomitans. Bakteri anaerob tersebut menjadi patogen pada pasien periodontitis kronis dan berhubungan dengan inisiasi maupun perkembangan periodontitis. Bakteri-bakteri tersebut dapat tumbuh dan berkembang biak dalam gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) yang merupakan salah satu agen pertahanan rongga mulut. Antibiotika merupakan terapi yang sering digunakan oleh dokter gigi untuk membunuh bakteri penyebab periodontitis. Di Indonesia antibiotika yang biasa digunakan untuk terapi penyakit periodontal yaitu amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline), clindamycin, dan ciprofloxacin. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan daya hambat azithromycin dibandingkan dengan metronidazole terhadap bakteri penyebab periodontitis kronis. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel GCF pasien periodontitis kronis yang dikultur lalu dilakukan uji kepekaan antibiotika menggunakan cakram obat azithromycin dan metronidazole. Zona hambat di ukur menggunakan jangka sorong dan diinterpretasikan. Hasil Mann-Whitney U test terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara daya hambat azithromycin dengan metronidazole (p<0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian terdapat perbedaan daya hambat antara azithromycin dan metronidazole terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab periodontitis kronis.

Azithromycin is macrolide antibiotic that effective to inhibits the growth of aerob and anaerob Gram-negative such as porphyromonas, prevotella dan A. actinomycetemcomitans. These bacterias caused chronic periodontitis and related to the initiation and progression of the disease. These bacterias could grew and multiplied in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) which was one of the oral immune substances. Antibiotic is one of the therapies the dentists used to kill the bacteria that caused periodontitis. In Indonesia antibiotics that commonly used to treat periodontal diseases are amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline), clindamycin, dan ciprofloxacin. This study was aimed to identify the difference inhibition activity between azithromycin and metronidazole against the bacteria that caused chronic periodontitis. This study using the GCF samples from chronic periodontitis patients. Samples were cultured and antibiotic sensitivity test were done using azithromycin and metronidazole disk. Every sample tested twice. These medias and samples were incubated for 48 hours in the anaerobic jar and GasPack CO2 generating sachet were placed. Inhibition zone measured using sliding caliper and then interpreted. The results Mann-Whitney U test showed there was a significant different between inhibition activity of azithromycin and metronidazole (p<0,05). The conclusion there was a different inhibition activity between azithromycin and metronidazole to inhibit the growth of bacterias that caused chronic periodontitis.

Kata Kunci : Chronic periodontitis , azithromycin , metronidazole