VARIASI TUMBUHAN MASA PRASEJARAH KAJIAN BERDASARKAN FITOLIT PADA SEDIMEN SONG GILAP, WONOGIRI

LEA PURWYANASARI ELVIDA, Dra. Djaliati Sri Nugrahani, M.A.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 ARKEOLOGI

Topik: Penelitian ini membahas mengenai variasi tumbuhan masa prasejarah di Song Gilap Wonogiri, ditinjau dari morfologi fitolit yang diperoleh memalui analisis fitolit terhadap sedimen. Data yang dipergunakan merupakan sampel sedimen hasil ekskavasi Badan Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang bekerja sama dengan Departemen Arkeologi UGM pada tahun 2013. Lokasi penelitian berada di Dusun Danggolo, Desa Gebangharjo, Kecamatan Pracimantoro, Kabupaten Wonogiri, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Permasalahan: 1.Bagaimana variasi morfologi fitolit yang ditemukan pada sedimen Song Gilap? 2.Bagaimana fitolit yang ditemukan dapat mewakili lingkungan vegetasi terdekat di sekitar Song Gilap? 3.Bagaimana hubungan jenis tumbuhan dan budaya manusia prasejarah penghuni Song Gilap Wonogiri? Tujuan: Menemukan variasi tumbuhan pembentuk vegetasi Song Gilap kemudian dari jenis tumbuhan yang teridentifikasi dari analisis fitolit akan merekonstruksi lingkungan terdekat (skala mikro) di Sekitar Song Gilap, Wonogiri. Rekonstruksi lingkungan tempat hidup manusia prasejarah beserta budayanya di Song Gilap yang akan mewakili wilayah peralihan di Blok Tengah. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dengan penalaran induktif. Sifat penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis laboratoris terhadap fitolit yang terkandung di dalam sedimen situs prasejarah Song Gilap, Wonogiri. Pengidentifikasian fitolit berdasarkan morfologi dilakukan untuk mengetahui variasi jenis tumbuhan yang terpadat lingkungan prasejarah Song Gilap, Wonogiri. Berdasarkan pada variasi tumbuhan kemudian dapat diketahui gambaran lingkungan sekitar Song Gilap dan hubungan dengan budaya komunitas prasejarah penghuni Song Gilap, Wonogiri. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini mampu mengungkap kondisi serta perubahan lingkungan vegetasi meski dalam skala mikro atau lingkungan terdekat di Situs Song Gilap, Wonogiri. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan terhadap Song Gilap, Wonogiri karena temuan yang terangkat akibat penambangan sangat kaya akan hasil budaya manusia prasejarah, sehingga sangat potensial untuk diteliti lebih lanjut.

Topic Research: This research focussed on the variation of Prehistoric vegetation at Song Gilap, Wonogiri, based on the morphology of phytolith that was obtained from a phytolith analysis through sediment. The data that was used is a sediment sample from an excavation which held by Badan Pelestarian Cagar Budaya (The Cultural Heritage Preservation Agency) of Central Java Province, in collaboration with Archaeology Department of Universitas Gadjah Mada at the year of 2013. The research took place in Danggolo, Gebangharjo Village, Pracimantoro Subdistrict, which is an area of Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province. Research Question: 1.How are the variation of phytolith morphology that were found at Song Gilap sediment? 2.How can the phytolith represent the closest environment around Song Gilap? 3.What was the relation between vegetation species with Prehistoric culture of the dweller at Song Gilap? Objective: To find the variation of vegetation that shaped the environment of Song Gilap, the identified species from phytolith analysis will reconstruct the closest environment (micro scale) around Song Gilap. This reconstruction of Prehistoric environment and its culture at Song Gilap will represent the transition area at the Center Block. Methode: This research is qualitative, with inductive reasoning and descriptive analytic methods. It used a laboratory analysis toward phytolith that contains in the sediment of Song Gilap. Phytolith identification based on morphology was done to find out the densest species of vegetation of Prehistoric environment at Song Gilap. Based on the variation of vegetation, we can understand the image of environment around Song Gilap and its connection to the Prehistoric culture of the dweller community of Song Gilap. Conclusion: This research is able to reveal the condition and the vegetation change on micro scale at the closest environment of Song Gilap site. A further research need to be done at Song Gilap because there are significant number of Prehistoric artifacts that were found from the mining activities, so it is potential to conduct another research.

Kata Kunci : FITOLIT, ANALISIS, SEDIMEN, LABORATORIS, PRASEJARAH, TUMBUHAN, MIKROFOSIL