GAMBARAN PERTUMBUHAN LARVA LALAT PADA BANGKAI TIKUS PUTIH Strain Wistar DENGAN PEMBERIAN ARSENIK TRIOKSIDA DALAM MEMPERKIRAKAN POST MORTEM INTERVAL

RAHMAT HIDAYAT, dr. Yudha Nurhantari, Sp.F.,Ph.D ; dr.drh. Sitti Rahmag U,S.U.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

LATAR BELAKANG: Kematian adalah akhir dari kehidupan. Setelah kematian, tubuh makhluk hidup akan mengalami pembusukan, salah satu penyebab kematian tidak disadari adalah keracunan logam berat arsenik trioksida (As2O3) yang terkontaminasi air minum. Seiring berkembangnya ilmu entomologi forensik dalam penentuan Post Mortem Interval (PMI), perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk menyediakan data entomologis yang dapat menunjang analisa kasus kematian yang diduga akibat intoksikasi As2O3. TUJUAN: Membandingkan proses pembusukan bangkai, genus larva, urutan kedatangan, ukuran panjang dan berat larva pada bangkai tikus terpapar As2O3 dengan bangkai tikus kontrol. METODE: Studi eksperimental kohort dengan mengamati bangkai tikus yang terpapar As2O3 kemudian mengidentifikasi genus, urutan kedatangan, dan pengaruhnya terhadap panjang dan berat larva kemudian membandingkannya dengan bangkai tikus kontrol. HASIL: Proses pembusukan pada bangkai As2O3 lebih lama daripada bangkai kontrol. Genus larva yang ditemukan pada bangkai tikus kontrol yaitu, Sarcophaga sp., Calliphora sp., dan Chrysomya sp.. Sedangkan pada bangkai tikus As2O3 ditemukan Calliphora sp., Chrysomya sp., Phormia sp., Sarcophaga sp., Auchmeromyia sp., dan Cordylobia sp. Urutan kedatangan lalat pada bangkai tikus kontrol yaitu, Sarcophaga sp., Calliphora sp., dan Chrysomya sp.. Urutan Kedatangan lalat pada bangkai tikus As2O3 0,5LD50 yaitu Sarcophaga sp., Calliphora sp., Phormia sp., dan Auhmeromyia sp.; LD50, yaitu Calliphora sp., Chrysomya sp., Phormia sp., Sarcophaga sp., Auchmeromyia sp., dan Cordylobia sp.; Dan 2LD50 yaitu Calliphora sp., Chrysomya., Phormia sp., Sarcophaga sp., dan Auchmeromyia sp.. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan hari ketiga rerata panjang dan berat larva Chrysomsya sp. pada bangkai kontrol dengan bangkai tikus As2O3 2LD50. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan rerata rerata panjang dan berat larva Calliphora sp. dan Sarcophaga sp. pada bangkai tikus kontrol dengan bangkai tikus As2O3 hari kelima. KESIMPULAN: Terdapat perbedaan proses pembusukan, genus dan urutan kedatangan lalat pada bangkai tikus As2O3 dan kontrol. Adanya pengaruh arsenik trioksida menyebabkan larva Sarcophaga sp. dan Chyrsomya sp. lebih panjang dan lebih ringan dibandingkan pada bangkai kontrol. Sedangkan pengaruh As2O3 pada larva Calliphora sp. menunjukan hasil yang sebaliknya.

BACKGROUND: Death marks the end of life. After death, the body of living creatures undergo decomposition. One of the causes of death that usually went unnoticed was heavy metal poisoning by arsenic trioxide (As2O3) contained in drinking water. As the science of forensic entomology is advancing in determining the post-mortem interval (PMI), more research is needed to provide entomologic data to support cases analyzing deaths that were suspected to be caused by As2O3 poisoning. PURPOSE: To compare decomposition process, genus, sequence of arrival, and length and weight of fly larvae between rats that were exposed to As2O3 and control rats. METHODS: This study used experimental cohort design observing dead rats that had been exposed to As2O3 and then identifying the genus, sequence of arrival and its effect on the larvae�s weight and length and then comparing them to control rats. RESULT: Decomposition process of As2O3 was slower period than control dead rats. The genus of larvae found on control rats were Sarcophaga sp., Calliphora sp., and Chrysomya sp., whereas on the As2O3 exposed rats were Calliphora sp., Chrysomya sp., Phormia sp., Sarcophaga sp., Auchmeromyia sp., and Cordylobia sp. The sequence of arrival of flies on the As2O3 rats 0,5LD50 were Sarcophaga sp., Calliphora sp., Phormia sp., and Auhmeromyia sp.; LD50 were Calliphora sp., Chrysomya sp., Phormia sp., Sarcophaga sp., Auchmeromyia sp., and Cordylobia sp.; and 2LD50 were Calliphora sp., Chrysomya., Phormia sp., Sarcophaga sp., and Auchmeromyia sp. On the third day there were significant difference of means of length and weight of Chrysomya sp. larvae on control rats and As2O3 rats 2LD50. On the fifth day there were significant difference of means of length and weight of Calliphora sp. and Sarcophaga sp. larvae on control rats and As2O3 rats. Conclusion: There were differences on decomposition process, genus and sequence of arrival of flies and larvae between As2O3 rats and control rats. The presence of As2O3 2LD50 caused the larvae of Sarcophaga sp. and Chrysomya sp. to be lengthier and weight less compared to control rats, whereas the effect of arsenic trioxide on larvae of Calliphora sp. was the opposite.

Kata Kunci : Post Mortem Interval (PMI), fly larvae growth, arsenic trioxide (As2O3).