EVALUASI KEBERADAAN MUSEUM-MUSEUM SITUS DI KOMPLEKS CANDI BOROBUDUR

ISNI WAHYUNINGSIH, Dr. Daud Aris Tanudirjo, M.A

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Arkeologi

Sumberdaya budaya tidak akan dirasakan manfaatkan oleh masyarakat apabila informasi tentang sumberdaya budaya tersebut tidak disajikan atau dipresentasikan secara luas. Ada berbagai cara untuk menyajikan sumberdaya tersebut, antara lain melalui museum situs. Salah satu sumberdaya budaya terpenting di Indonesia yang memiliki museum situs adalah Candi Borobudur, yang telah masuk dalam World Heritage nomor C592 tahun 1991. Keberadaan Candi Borobudur sebagai warisan dunia selalu dimonitor oleh UNESCO, termasuk juga isu yang terkait dengan pengalaman pengunjung serta keberadaan museum-museum situs di Kompleks Candi Borobudur. Penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi keberadaan museum-museum di kompleks Candi Borobudur terkait dengan fungsi dan tujuan pendiriannya. Untuk itu langkah yang dilakukan adalah dengan menelusuri terlebih dahulu tujuan dan fungsi pendirian museum situs. Selanjutnya pengumpulan data kenyataan yang ada dihimpun melaui pengamatan atau observasi, wawancara serta penyebaran kuesioner terhadap responden. Data yang telah terkumpul selanjutnya diolah dan hasilnya dapat dipergunakan untuk melakukan evaluasi. Analisis gap digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat kesenjangan fungsi dan tujuan pendirian museum-museum di kompleks Candi Borobudur yang diharapkan semula dalam konsep pendirian dengan kenyataan di lapangan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa fungsi dan tujuanpendirian museum-museum situs di kompleks Candi Borobudur belum optimal. Hal tersebut disebabkan antara lain faktor tata letak museum yang searah dengan pintu keluar setelah kunjungan ke candi, desain jalur pejalan kaki semenjak dari pintu ticketing langsung mengarahkan pengunjung untuk menuju candi, tidak terdapat jalur-jalur alternatif lain atau atraksi lain untuk menarik pengunjung agar tidak langsung naik ke candi, museum kurang menarik untuk dikunjungi, signage yang kurang jelas dan kurang menarik, faktor psikografi pengunjung, minimnya promosi/brosur/leaflet, serta lapak pedagang cinderamata yang menutupi jalur-jalur untuk berkunjung ke museum. Beberapa alternatif solusi untuk memaksimalkan fungsi museum-museum situs tersebut antara lain dengan menggeser atau mengubah jalur kunjung (menjadikan museum berada di depan/diawal kunjungan), membuat jalur kunjung berdasarkan lama kunjung dan minatpengunjung sebagai upaya memecah pengunjung dan memberikan pengalaman kunjungan, dan revitalisasi museum.

Cultural resource would not be considered useful by the community if the information about the cultural resources are not represented widely. There are several ways to represent the resources, namely through site museum. One of the most important cultural resource in Indonesia which has site museum is Borobudur Temple that had been inscribed in the World Heritage List number C 592 year of 1991. As the site that have been enlisted in the World Cultural Heritage List, its state of conservation is always monitored by UNESCO. The monitoring includes the issues related with visitor�¢ï¿½ï¿½s experience as well as the site museum existence at the complex of Borobudur Temple. The research was aimed to evaluate site museums existence in Borobudur Temple Complex in terms of its functions and purpose. The step used was by collecting the data which was obtained through observation, interview and questionnaire distribution towards the respondent, and library study. Then, the data obtained was tabulated so that the result could be used to support the evaluation. The gap analysis was implemented to find out whether there the functions and purpose of the site museums are in accordance with proper aims of their establishment in the Borobudur Temple Complex. The results show that the function and purpose of the extant museums in Borobudur Temple Complex are not in accordance with with the proper aims of the establishment of the site museums. There are some factors that can be indicated for the causes. The location of the museums are not strategic enough to give background information for the monument as the museum as the museum are located along the exit tract. This location makes the museum would be visited after visit to the monument, so that psychologically the visitors would not pay attention to teh museums. The visitor tract from the ticketing booth is directed straightly to the monument. The museum presentations are not atractive and there are no propere signage directing the visitors to the museums. There are lack of promotion/brochure/ leaflet to give information on the museums. And last but not laeast, some souvenir selling spots are blocking the tract going to the museums. Several alternative solutions are suggested here to maximize the role and function of the site museums, These are, shifting or changing the visiting track so that the museums would be visited earlier than the monuments, classifying various length of the time for visit and establishing different tracks for each kind of visit, the management should concern more on the visitor interest, and conducting museum revitalization.

Kata Kunci : World Cultural Heritage, museum situs, evaluasi, Candi Borobudur