HUBUNGAN ANEMIA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER II ATAU III DENGAN KEJADIAN BAYI BERAT LAHIR RENDAH DI KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN

Ni Komang Artini Aristyawati, Prof. dr. M. Hakimi, SpOG (K), Ph.D

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Lata Belakang : Masalah jangka panjang bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) adalah gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, gangguan neurologi, gangguan belajar dan hiperaktif. Kematian BBLR memiliki risiko 20 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan berat lahir normal. BBLR di negara berkembang 16,5%, 2 kali lebih tinggi dari negara maju (7%), di Kota Tangerang Selatan, dari 67 bayi meninggal pada tahun 2010 yang disebabkan oleh BBLR sebesar 37,3%. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan risiko anemia ibu hamil dengan kejadian BBLR dalam upaya menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian neonatus. Metode: rancangan penelitian kohort retrospektif subjek yang diteliti ibu yang telah melahirkan pada bulan Januari- Juni 2012 mempunyai riwayat anemia pada kehamilan trimesterII atau III dengan kriteria inklusi tidak menderita anemia pada trimester I, kehamilan tunggal, catatan register kohort ibu/buku KIA lengkap, melahirkan ditolong oleh tenaga kesehatan. Analisis yang digunakan analisi unvariabel, bivariabel, dan uji chi-square (x^2), menghitung Risk Relative (CI 95%), uji stratifikasi, dan analisis multivariabel dengan uji regresi logistik. Hasil: Dari 344 orang yang dianalisis, kasus BBLR 48 bayi (13,95%). Setelah dilakukan analisis multivariabel, Anemia berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR (aOR=3,32, 95% CI:1,43-7,72), faktor lain 6yang berhubungan adalah usia kehamilan, status gizi, jumlah konsumsi tablet besi dan jumlah kunjungan antenatal care. Kesimpulan : Anemia berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR. Kegiatan surveilans epidemiologi pada ibu hamil terutama ibu risiko tinggi dapat mengurangi kejadian BBLR.

Background: Long term problems of LBW are growth and development disorder, neurological disorder, learning disorder and hyperactivity. LBW has risk for mortality 20 times greater than normal birth weight. LBW in developing countries is 16.5%, twice greater than that of in developed countries (7%). At Tangerang Selatan Municipality, out of 67 still births in 2010 37.3% was caused by LBW. Objective: To identify risk factors of anemic pregnant mother and the incidence of LBW in efforts to minimize rate of neonate morbidity and mortality. Method: The study used retrospective cohort design. Subject of the study were mothers who gave birth in January-June 2012 with history of anemia during pregnancy at term II or III with inclusion criteria without anemia during term I, single pregnancy, having complete record of cohort register/mother and child health, assisted by professional health staff during childbirth. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate with chi square test (x2) at confidence interval (CI) 95%, stratification test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Result: There were 48 LBW infants (13.95%) out of 344 subjects. The result of multivariate analysis showed there was correlation between anemia and the incidence of LBW (OR=3.32, 95% CI: 1.43-7.72). Other risk factors associated with LBW were gestation period, nutrition status, consumption of iron tablet and frequency of antenatal care. Conclusion: There was correlation between anemia and the incidence of LBW. Epidemiological surveillance of pregnant mothers, particularly those at high risk could minimize the incidence of LBW.

Kata Kunci : Ibu hamil, anemia, BBLR