Perbedaan persepsi ibi dan asupan rata-rata protein dan zat besi pada anak anemia dan anak non anemia usia 1-3 tahun di Kota Surakarta

ERNALIA, Yanti, Prof. dr. Hamam Hadi, MS.,Sc.D

2010 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Masalah anemia adalah masalah gizi penting dan prevalensi tertinggi ditemui di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Asupan protein dan besi berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia. Persepsi ibu yang kurang tepat mengenai anemia dapat menadi faktor resiko kejadian anemia pada anak usia 1-3 tahun. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi ibu mengenai anemia anak usia 1-3 tahun, perbedaan persepsi ibu yang mempunyai anak anemia dan anak non anemia mengenai anemia anak usia 1-3 tahun, perbedaan rata-rata asupan protein anak anemia dan anak non anemia, dan perbedaan rata-rata asupan zat besi anak usia 1-3 tahun. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Jumlah sampel 89 anak berusia 1-3 tahun yang memiliki nilai z score bb/u <-1 SD. Data asupan zat gizi protein dan besi diperoleh dengan menggunan metoda food recall. Data persepsi ibu mengenai anemia anak dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner pertanyaan tertutup 89 ibu, sedangkan wawancara mendalam mengenai persepsi anemia anak dilakukan pada 12 ibu. Data yang telah dikumpulkan diolah dengan cara membuat tabel distribusi frekuensi dan dilakukan analisis secara bivariat dan multivariat regresi logistik, dan untuk data wawancara mendalam dinalisa dengan menggunakan analisis tema dan disajikan dalam bentuk narasi Hasil: Hasil statistik menunjukkan ada perbedaan rata-rata asupan protein yang signifikan antara anak anemia dan non anemia (p=0.009). Tidak ada perbedaan rata-rata asupan Fe yang signifikan antara anak anemia dan non anemia (p=0.328). Ada perbedaan persepsi ibu mengenai anemia anak yang signifikan antara anak anemia dan non anemia (p=0.027). Hasil statistik multivariate menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia anak anak adalah asupan protein dan defisiensi besi dengan nilai p masing-masing p=0.027, dan p=0.021, dan faktor yang paling berperan besar adalah defisiensi besi dengan nilai OR mencapai 3.83. Kesimpulan: Rendahnya asupan protein dan persepsi ibu yang kurang tepat menjadi faktor resiko kejadian anemia anak usia 1-3 tahun. Diperlukan deteksi dini dan peningkatan penyuluhan untuk mengatasi kejadian anemia anak usia 1-3 tahun

Background: Anemia problem is an important nutrition problem and its high prevalence is common in developing countries including Indonesia. Intake of protein and Fe was associated with the prevalence of anemia. Inappropriate perception of mothers about anemia can become risk factor of the prevalence of anemia in children of 1-3 years. Objective: The study aimed to identify data of anemia in children of 1-3 years at poor urban areas of Surakarta Municipality that gave an overview of other areas in Indonesia, different perception of mothers having anemic and non anemic children of 1-3 years, and different average intake of nutrient (protein & Fe) and the prevalence of anemia in children of 1-3 years. Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. Samples consisted of children of 1-3 years having z score weight/age < -1SD. Data of protein and Fe intake were obtained from food recall. Data of mothers' perception about anemia were obtained through closed questionnaire distributed to 89 mothers and indepth interview on perception about child anemia was made involving 12 mothers. The collected data were processed using frequency distribution table and analyzed using bivariate and logistics regression multivariate technique. Data of indepth interview were analyzed using theme analysis and presented in narration. Result: The result of statistical test showed there was significant difference in average intake of protein between anemic and non anemic children (p=0.009). There was no significant difference in average intake of Fe between anemic and non anemic children (p=0.328). There was significant difference in mothers' perception about child anemia between anemic children and non anemic children (p=0.027). The result of multivariate analysis showed factors associated with the prevalence of child anemia were protein intake and Fe deficiency with p=0.027 and p=0.021 subsequently. Factor that had great contribution was Fe deficiency with OR=3.83. Conclusion: Low intake of protein and inappropriate perception of mothers were risk factors of the prevalence of anemia in children of 1-3 years. It was necessary to make early detection and increase socialization to overcome the prevalence of anemia in children of 1-3 years.

Kata Kunci : Anemia,Asupan zat gizi,Persepsi ibu, anemia, nutrient intake, mothers' perception