Faktor risiko kejadian ibu hamil di Kabupaten Buol Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah
MUHTAR, Prof. Dra. Wiryatun Lestariana, Apt, SU
2009 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar Belakang: Anemia defisiensi zat besi lebih cenderung berlangsung di negara sedang berkembang dibandingkan negara yang sudah maju. Pada tahun 1995 angka prevalensi anemia ibu hamil di Indonesia sebesar 51,3%, sedangkan di Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah mencapai angka 76,3%. Tujuan Penelitian: (1) Mengkaji deskripsi semua variabel penelitian yang diduga berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Kabupaten Buol Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah, (2) Mengkaji hubungan variabel seperti: asupan zat gizi, kepatuhan minum tablet tambah darah (Fe), Status ekonomi dan umur ibu terhadap kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Kabupaten Buol Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional menggunakan rancangan penelitian kasus – kontrol (casecontrol study) berdasarkan catatan medis puskesmas, wawancara dan kuesioner di Wilayah Puskesmas Kabupaten Buol Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 196 orang yang terdiri atas 98 ibu hamil yang menderita anemia dan 98 ibu hamil yang tidak menderita anemia. Penentuan kejadian anemia didasarkan pada pengukuran kadar Hb dengan metode HemoCue, sedangkan asupan zatgizi, status ekonomi, kepatuhan mengkonsumsi tablet tambah darah dan usia ibu hamil diukur dengan instrumen kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis bivariate menggunakan tabulasi silang dengan nilai Chi Square dan OR, dilanjutkan analisis regresi binary logistik pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Hasil: Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa: (1) Asupan zat gizi tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia lebih tinggi di Kabupaten Buol. (2) Ibu hamil yang patuh minum tablet tambah darah (Fe) berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia lebih rendah dengan nilai p = 0,017 dan OR 4,473 (1,597– 12,527). (3) Ibu hamil dengan status ekonomi rendah berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia lebih tinggi dengan p = 0,010 dan OR 2,190 (1,240 –3,886). (4) Umur ibu hamil <20 tahun dan >35 tahun berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia lebih tinggi dengan p = 0,002 dan OR 2,803 (1,407 – 5,608). Kesimpulan: 1. Asupan zat gizi tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia di Kabupaten Buol. 2. Analisis bivariat dan multivariat terhadap variabel kepatuhan minum tablet tambah darah (Fe), status ekonomi dan Umur ibu hamil <20 tahun dan >35 tahun berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia dan dapat digunakan untuk meprediksi kejadian di Kabupaten Buol.
Background: The prevalence of Fe deficient anemia tends to be higher in developing countries than in developed countries. In 1995 the prevalence of anemia in pregnant mothers in Indonesia was 51.3% whereas in the Province of Sulawesi Tengah was 76.3%. Objective: (1) To study the description of all variables assumed to be related to the prevalence of anemia in pregnant mothers at District of Buol, Province of Sulawesi Tengah; (2) to study the association among variables such as;give to nutrien , compliance with taking Fe tablets, social economic condition and age with the prevalence of anemia in pregnant mothers at District of Buol, Province of Sulawesi Tengah. Method: The study was analytic observational with case control study design based on medical records in the health center, questionnaire and HomeCue examination at the health centers in District of Buol, Province of Sulawesi Tengah. There were 196 pregnant mothers as subjects, consisting of 98 anemic and 98 non anemic pregnant mothers. Determination on the prevalence of anemia was based on the measurement of Hb level using HemoCue method; whereas eating pattern, availability of foods, compliance with taking Fe tablet, and age of mothers were measured through questionnaire. Result: The result of the study showed that(1) give to nutrient did not meet association with high prevelence of anemia at District of Buol with p=0.999 and OR 0.918(0.866-0.974). eating pattern that did not meet nutrition value was associated with high prevalence of anemia with p=0.012 and OR 0.912 (0.847 – 0.982).(2) Pregnant mothers that complied with taking Fe tablets was associated with low prevalence of anemia with p=0.017 and OR 4.473 (1.597 – 12.527). (3) Pregnant mothers with low social economic condition was associated with high prevelence of anemia p=0.010and OR 2.190(1.240- 3.886).(4) Age of pregnant mothers < 20 years old and > 35 years old was associated with high prevalence of anemia with p=0.002 and OR 2.809 (1.407 – 5.608). Conclusion:(1)Give to nutrient did not assotiation with high prevalence of anemia at District of Buol.(2) Analysis bivariate and multivariate to variable compliance with taking Fe tablets,social economic and Pregnant mothers <20 and >35 years old of associated with prevelence of anemia and to can prediction prevelence at District of Buol.
Kata Kunci : Ibu hamil,Anemia,Faktor risiko,pregnant mothers, anemia, risk factor
