Asupan zat gizi dan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri vegetarian di Kabupaten Badung Propinsi Bali

WIDARINI, Ni Putu, dr. Detty Sitti Nurdiati, SpOG, MPH, PhD

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Risiko potensial dari pola konsumsi vegetarian pada remaja putri vegetarian di Kabupaten Badung dapat menimbulkan defisiensi zat gizi. Sumber makanan berasal dari nabati dengan kandungan zat besi yang rendah dan sulit diserap. Kekurangan zat besi dalam tubuh berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan sel darah merah dan kadar hemoglobin. Kadar hemoglobin yang rendah meningkatkan kejadian anemia. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan zat gizi (protein, zat besi, vitamin C dan asam folat) dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri vegetarian. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah remaja putri vegetarian berusia 12-21 tahun. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 70 orang dan pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Data asupan zat gizi diperoleh dengan menggunakan food recall dan pemeriksaan hemoglobin darah menggunakan cyantmethaemoglobin. Analisis data terdiri dari analisis univariat, analisis bivariat menggunakan korelasi pairwise dan T-test, analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi linier berganda. Hasil: Terdapat korelasi yang positif dan signifikan antara asupan protein, zat besi, vitamin C dan asam folat dengan kadar hemoglobin sebagai indikator kejadian anemia (r=0,46; r=0,52; r=0,46; r=0,30). Sebanyak 30% kadar hemoglobin < 12 gr/dl. Rata-rata persentase AKG protein, zat besi, vitamin C dan asam folat sebesar 85,34%AKG, 45,5%AKG, 93,3%AKG, 48,96%AKG. Variabel yang signifikan terhadap kejadian anemia adalah lama menstruasi. Kesimpulan: Semakin besar asupan zat gizi (protein, zat besi, vitamin C dan asam folat) semakin tinggi kadar hemoglobin.

Background: The potential risks of vegetarian consumption pattern among vegetarian female adolescents in Badung district can cause nutritional deficiency. The food source is usually in form of vegetables and fruits containing low iron which is difficult to be absorbed. However, iron deficiency affect the production of erythrocyte and hemoglobin level in human body. In fact, low level of hemoglobin increases the incidence of anemia. Objective: To study the relationship between nutritional intake (protein, iron, vitamin C, and folic acid) and the incidence of anemia among vegetarian female adolescents. Method: This was an observational study with a cross-sectional study design and a quantitative approach. Subjects were vegetarian female adolescents 12-21 years of age. Samples were 70 persons and were selected with a purposive sampling method. Data on nutritional intake were obtained through food recall and hemoglobin examination using ciantmethaemoglobin. Data were then analyzed using univariable analysis, bivariable analysis with correlation and T-test, and multivariable analysis with multiple linear regression. Results: There was a positive and significant correlation between the intakes of protein, iron, vitamin C and folic acid with the level of hemoglobin as an indicator of the incidence of anemia. (r=0.46, r=0.52, r=0.46, r=0.30). 30% hemoglobin level < 12 gr/dl. The mean percentage of nutrient intake (protein, iron, vitamin C and folic acid) are 85,34% of RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowence); 45,5% RDA; 93,3% RDA; 48,9% RDA. Significant variable toward anemia is the duration of menstruation. Conclusion: The greater intakes of nutrition (protein, iron, vitamin C and folic acid) lead to the greater hemoglobin level.

Kata Kunci : Asupan zat gizi,Kejadian Anemia,Vegetarian, Nutritonal intake, the incidence of anemia, vegetarian