GAKI ibu hamil dan efeknya terhadap prematuritas dan Berat Badan Lahir di daerah Endemik GAKI Kabupaten Gunung Kidul Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

SURYANTO, Aris, Prof.dr. Hamam Hadi, MS.,Sc.D

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Gizi dan Kesehatan)

Latar Belakang : Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium (GAKI) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyakat utama di Indonesia. GAKI yang sering di manifestasikan secara klinis sebagai gondok terjadi oleh karena kurangnya asupan zat gizi iodium dalam makanan sehari-hari. Selain dapat mengakibatkan pembesaran kelenjar gondok, GAKI juga dapat mengakibatkan beberapa dampak negatif lain seperti gangguan congenital, gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, prematuritas dan berat badan lahir rendah. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui antara kadar TSH ibu Hamil dengan prematuritas dan berat bayi lahir di wilayah endemic GAKI kabupaten Gunungkidul. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan analitik dengan rancangan kohor prospektif. Subyek penelitian adalah ibu hamil dengan umur kehamilan 13 sampai dengan 25 minggu sebanyak 258 ibu hamil. Sampel darah ibu hamil di ambil sekali selama penelitian untuk dianalisa kadar TSH dalam darah dengan minggunakan metode ELISA. Berat badan bayi lahir akan di ukur dengan timbangan Scale dengan ketelitian 0,01 Kg. Sedangkan umur kehamilan ditentukan denga menggunakan metode penentuan menstruasi terakhir. Hasil : Rata-rata TSH darah ibu hamil sebesar 16,86 mU/L sehingga masuk dalam kategori endemic sedang. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar TSH darah ibu hamil dengan umur kehamilan (P=0,02 ). Tidak ada hubngan antara kadar TSH darah ibu hamil dengan berat badan lahir (P=0,551 ) Kesempulan : Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar TSH darah ibu hamil dengan umur kehamilan. Tidak ada hubungan antara kadar TSH darah ibu hamil dengan berat badan Lahir.

Background: IDD is one of major public health problems in Indonesia. IDD often manifested clinically as goitre, occurs because of lack of iodine intake in daily food consumption. IDD may not only cause swelling of thyroid glands but also other negative impacts such as congenital, growth and development disorders, prematurity and low birth weight. Objective: To identify relationship between thyroid stimulating hormon (TSH), level of pregnant mothers and prematurity and birth weight at the IDD endemic area of Gunungkidul District. Method: The study was analytical research with prospective cohort design. The subject were pregnant mothers with gestation period between 13 to 25 weeks (as many as 258 pregnant mothers). Blood sample of the mother was taken once during the study to be analyzed their thyroid stimulating hormone level using ELISA method. Weight of newly born infants was measured using baby scale with 0.01 kg occuracy level. The gestation period was measured through the determinination of latest menstruation. Result: The average TSH of pregnant mothers ' blood was as much as 16.86 mU/L so it belonged to medium endemic category. There was significant relationship between level of TSH of pregnant mothers and gestation period (p=0.02). There was no relationship between TSH level of pregnant mothers of birth weight (p=0.551). Conclusion: There was significant relationship between TSH level of pregnant mothers and gestation period. There was no relationship between TSH level and pregnant mothers and birth weight.

Kata Kunci : Anemia Gizi,Ibu Hamil,Epidemiologi GAKI