Hubungan intensitas infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths dengan anemia dan status gizi siswa sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Samarinda Utara Kalimantan Timur

RAHMAH, Yuliana, Dra. Sri Sumarni, DAP and E.,SU

2006 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

Siswa sekolah dasar merupakan kelompok yang berisiko tinggi terinfeksi cacingan, selain itu anemia juga masih menjadi masalah gizi utama pada siswa sekolah dasar di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan gambaran infeksi cacingan, prevalensi anemia yang terjadi dan status gizi untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel-variabel tersebut pada siswa sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Samarinda Utara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode cross sectional dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel klaster. Jumlah subyek penelitian 265 siswa berasal dari 3 SDN kelas 3-6. Sampel yang terpilih kemudian secara antropometris dilakukan pengukuran tinggi badan, berat badan, pemeriksaan kesehatan, darah, tinja, serta pencatatan bahan makanan yang biasa dimakan. Intensitas infeksi Soil transmitted helminths ditentukan dengan metode Kato Katz, anemia ditentukan dengan metode fotometer dan status gizi ditentukan menggunakan z score BB/TB. Formulir makanan dinilai berdasarkan standar Widya Karya Pangan dan Gizi, LIPI 1983. Hasil penelitian ini prevalensi STH 25,28% dengan pola infeksi paling banyak trikuriasis (20,8%) selanjutnya askariasis (12,1%) dan cacing kait (9,1%), prevalensi anemia 57%, dan prevalensi malnutrisi 26,79%. Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara trikuriasis ringan dengan anemia, askariasis sedang dengan status gizi siswa laki- laki, infeksi cacing kait intensitas ringan dengan status gizi siswa laki- laki, infeksi campuran dari ketiga jenis cacing dengan status gizi, dan kejadian anemia dengan status gizi siswa.

Elementary school student is one of the high risk groups infected by Soil transmitted helminths besides anaemia, is still become one of the main nutritional problem in Indonesia. This study aimed to get the prevalence rate of Soil transmitted helminths infections, prevalence rate of anaemia,and nutritional status among the elementary school student in North Samarinda district. Data were analyzed to see the relationships between those variabel. This research used a cross sectional approach and cluster random sampling to collect the data. A two hundred and sixty five subject was taken from 3 school, SDN 035, SDN 041, SDN 006.They are at the 3rd- 6th classes. Antropometric measurements was used to get weight height index and then classified by z score. Blood samples were taken to check hemoglobin level by fotometer and types of anaemia identified by peripheral blood smear. Fecal examination were quantitatively perfomed to look at degrees of helminth infections, which is ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm infections. The results of this research showed helminth infections was low (25,28%). The highest prevalence was trichuriasis 20,8%. Prevalence of anaemia was high, 57% and prevalence of malnutrition was 26,79%. There were significant associations between mild trichuriasis and anaemia, moderate ascariasis and nutritional status among male students, mild hookworm infections and nutritional status among male student, mix of 3 types helminth infections and nutritional status and association between anaemia and nutritional status among elementary school student in North Samarinda district

Kata Kunci : Anemia,Status Gizi,Infeksi Soil transmitted Helminths, Soil-transmitted helminths – anaemia – nutritional status