PERSEPSI TERHADAP RISIKO DAN STRATEGI MEMPERTAHANKAN PENGHIDUPAN PETERNAK SAPI PERAH DI LERENG SELATAN GUNUNGAPI MERAPI PASCA ERUPSI 2010

SITI ANDARWATI, Prof. Dr. R. Rijanta, M.Sc. ; Dr. Ir. Rini Widiati, MS

2015 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Lingkungan

Merapi volcano eruption in 2010 has changed environmental conditions, especially agriculture and dairy cattle in the southern slope. This study aimed to analyzed: 1) Risk perception of dairy farmers in the southern slope of the Merapi volcano after eruption 2010 in disaster prone areas (DPA) III and II, 2) The factors that motivating the desire of dairy farmers in disaster prone area (DPA) in the southern slope of Merapi volcano to return to their endangered settlement post eruption 2010, 3) The strategies of dairy farmers in disaster prone areas (DPA) in the southern slope of Merapi to sustaining livelihood after the eruption of Merapi volcano in 2010, and 4) Developed the best model of livelihood strategies for dairy farmers in disaster-prone areas in the southern slope of Merapi volcano after the eruption in 2010. The study was conducted in Cangkringan District, including Kaliadem (KRB III) and Gondang Wetan (KRB II). Research conducted by the Survey method with direct interview using a questionnaire. Respondents were dairy farmers totaled 134, consists of 84 dairy farmers in KRB III (Kaliadem) and 50 farmers KRB II (Gondang Wetan) taken by the Cencus method. Analysis of Risk perception of dairy farmers done used by Likert scale. To determined the effect of factors that influenced the behavior of dairy farmers in the southern slope of Merapi to return to their endangered settlement before eruption of 2010 used logit analysis model, and in order to classsification of livelihood strategies used factor analysis. The results showed that dairy farmers in the southern slopes of Merapi (DPA III and II), an average had a high perception on disaster risk of Merapi volcano. The average score of perception of farmers in KRB III was equal if compared with farmers in KRB II. Nagelkerke R Square value of 0.812, which means the ability of the independent variables were explained 81.2 % of the models. Independent variables that motivated the desire of farmers to return to their endangered settlement were: 1) dairy cattle ownership, 2) education, 3) culture, and 4). Information. Dairy farming became the most dominant strategy options for dairy farmers after the eruption of Merapi volcano in 2010 to ensure the sustainability of their lives.

Erupsi gunungapi Merapi 2010 mengubah kondisi lingkungan terutama pertanian dan peternakan di lereng selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengkaji: 1) Persepsi peternak sapi perah di lereng selatan gunungapi Merapi terhadap risiko bahaya pasca erupsi 2010 pada kawasan rawan bencana (KRB) III dan KRB II, 2) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keinginan peternak sapi perah di kawasan rawan bencana di lereng selatan gunungapi Merapi untuk kembali ke dusun asal mereka sesudah erupsi 2010, 3) Strategi peternak sapi perah di kawasan rawan bencana di lereng selatan gunungapi Merapi dalam mempertahankan penghidupan pasca erupsi gunungapi Merapi 2010, dan 4) Menyusun model strategi penghidupan terbaik bagi peternak sapi perah di daerah rawan bencana di lereng selatan gunungapi Merapi pasca erupsi 2010. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Cangkringan, meliputi Dusun Kaliadem (KRB III) dan Dusun Gondang Wetan (KRB II). Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode Survey dengan wawancara langsung kepada responden menggunakan kuesioner. Responden ialah peternak sapi perah berjumlah 134 terdiri dari 84 peternak sapi perah di KRB III (Dusun Kaliadem) dan 50 peternak KRB II (Dusun Gondang Wetan) yang diambil dengan metode Sensus. Penilaian persepsi peternak sapi perah terhadap risiko bahaya gunungapi Merapi dilakukan berdasarkan kriteria menurut skala Likert. Guna mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku peternak sapi perah di lereng selatan Merapi untuk kembali ke dusun asal, digunakan analisis Model Logit. Analisis statistik untuk klasifikasi strategi penghidupan menggunakan analisis Faktor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peternak sapi perah di lereng selatan gunungapi Merapi (KRB III dan KRB II) rata-rata memiliki persepsi tinggi terhadap risiko bahaya gunungapi Merapi. Rata-rata nilai skor persepsi peternak di KRB III sama dengan peternak di KRB II. Nilai Nagelkerke R Square 0,812 yang berarti kemampuan variabel bebas menjelaskan model sebesar 81,2 %. Variabel bebas yang berpengaruh terhadap keinginan peternak untuk kembali ke dusun semula sesudah erupsi 2010 adalah: 1) kepemilikan sapi perah, 2) pendidikan, 3) budaya, dan 4) informasi. Peternakan sapi perah menjadi pilihan strategi yang paling dominan bagi masyarakat peternak pasca erupsi Merapi 2010 yang menjamin keberlanjutan bagi kehidupan mereka.

Kata Kunci : Gunungapi Merapi, persepsi, strategi penghidupan, peternak, sapi perah