HUBUNGAN KURANG ENERGI KRONIS IBU HAMIL DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 6-24 BULAN DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA
SARTONO, dr. Detty Siti Nurdiati, SpOG(K), MPH, Ph.D.
2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar belakang: Stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global termasuk di Indonesia. Kelompok yang paling rawan akibat dampak stunting adalah anak usia 6-24 karena berdampak pada gangguan pertumbuhan, prestasi sekolah yang rendah dan menurunkan produktivitas pada saat dewasa. Penyebab stunting antara lain KEK, BBLR dan faktor sosial ekonomi. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kurang energi kronis dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-24 bulan di Kota Yogyakarta. Metode: Jenis penelitian case control study dengan pendekatan observasional retrospektif. Subyek penelitian adalah anak usia 6-24 bulan dengan kelompok kasus adalah anak stunting berdasarkan indikator PB/U dengan cut off <2 SD z-score dan kelompok kontrol adalah anak yang normal berdasarkan indikator PB/U. Jumlah subyek penelitian untuk kelompok kasus dan kontrol sebanyak 242 dengan ibu Balita sebagai responden penelitian. Teknik pengambilan sampel data kuantitatif dengan non probability sampling melalui metode consecutive sampling, dianalisis secara univariabel, bivariabel dan multivaribel sedangkan data kualitatif diambil dengan metode indepth interview dan focus group discussion (FGD). Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Yogyakarta pada bulan Maret-Juni 2013. Hasil Penelitian. Ada hubungan bermakna antara KEK pada ibu hamil dengan kejadian stunting usia 6-24 bulan dengan p=0,042 dan OR=1,74 (95%CI ;1,01-2,977) demikian juga BBLR dengan nilai p=0,00; OR=1,20 (95%CI;0,76-2,22). Hasil analisis kualitatif juga menunjukan hal yang serupa bahwa KEK dan BBLR meningkatkan risiko kejadian stunting. Variabel pendidikan ibu, pendapatan keluarga, besar keluarga dan jenis kelamin meskipun berisiko meningkatkan kejadian stunting namun tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna. Kesimpulan: Kurang energi kronis pada ibu hamil meningkatkan risiko terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6–24 bulan di Kota Yogyakarta apabila melahirkan bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah. Dalam penelitian kualitatif juga menunjukkan bahwa ibu hamil yang menderita kurang energi kronis dan bayi yang lahir dengan BBLR akan menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan.
Background: Stunting still being one global health issues including in Indonesia. One of the most vulnerable groups affected was age of 6-24 months. The negative impact that the growth inhibition, lower school achievement and lower productivity as adults. Causes of stunting among other chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnancy, low birth weight and socioeconomic factors. Objective: Analyzing the relationship of chronic energy deficiency in pregnancy with the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-24 months in Yogyakarta City. Method: This was a case control study with retrospective observational. The subject of research is children aged 6-24 months as many as 242 children that are domiciled in Yogyakarta City the group of cases is a child stunting and the control group is a normal children based on indicators of height for age z-score (HAZ). Quantitative data sampling techniques with non-probability sampling through consecutive sampling method, analyzed in univariable analysis, bivariable and multivarible while qualitative data were taken with the method indepth interview and focus group discussion (FGD). The study was conducted at the city of Yogyakarta in March-June 2013. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between chronic energy deficiency in in pregnancy with the incidence of stunting age of 6-24 months with p = 0.042 and OR = 1.74 (95% CI: 1.01 to 2.977) as well as the relationship between low bitrth weight (LBW) with the incidence of stunting with p value = 0.00; OR = 1.20 (95% CI: 0.76 to 2.22). As for the variables mother education, family income, large families and sex although the risk of increasing the incidence of stunting but has no significant relationship with p value> 0.05. Conclusion: chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women increases the risk of the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-24 months in the city of Yogyakarta when having a baby with low birth weight. In a qualitative study showed that pregnant women who suffer from a chronic energy deficiency and babies born with low birth weight would to lead impaired growth and development.
Kata Kunci : KEK , stunting, BBLR, chronic energy deficiency, stunting, LBW
