PERILAKU KUPU Papilio blumei (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE) DAN FAKTOR MORTALITAS OLEH MUSUH ALAMI ANGGOTA ORDO HYMENOPTERA DI TAMAN NASIONAL BANTIMURUNG BULUSARAUNG SULAWESI SELATAN

Sulfianto Alias, Dr. RC. Hidayat Soesilohadi, M.S.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Papilio blumei Boisduval merupakan kupu endemik Sulawesi khususnya di wilayah Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung yang populasinya sangat terancam karena eksploitasi oleh manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mempelajari perilaku, keragaman dan faktor mortalitas musuh alami dari kupu P. blumei di Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung (TN.BaBul). P. blumei diamati perilakunya yang meliputi perilaku kawin, perilaku makan, kompetisi, perilaku pertahanan, perilaku bertelur, perilaku menghindari panas dan mud-puddling. Tabel kehidupan digunakan untuk menentukan faktor mortalitas kemudian angka kematian dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus key-factor. Hasil penelitian untuk perilaku kawin yaitu menggunakan strategi patrolling. Aktifitas makan tertinggi terjadi pada fase larva instar ke enam dan terendah pada fase prapupa, tanamang penghasil nektar kupu dewasa adalah Sarcosephalum latifolius dan Eugenia sp. Kompetitor interspesifik larva P. blumei yaitu Scudderia sp., sedangkan kompetitor intraspesifik adalah sesama jantan P. blumei. Pertahanan dengan Countershading. Kupu betina P. blumei meletakkan telur dibagian abaksial daun dan menetas setelah enam hari. Larva mengalami overheating dan kupu jantan dewasa mengalami mud-puddling. Musuh alami P.blumei terdiri dari Trichogramma sp. dengan nilai k = 0.381, Pteromalus sp dengan nilai k = 0.125, dan Formica sp. dengan nilai k = 0.096. Totalitas nilai mortalitas (K) sebesar 0.602.

Papilio blumei is an endemic butterfly of Sulawesi and especially in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. This research was to observed of the behaviour, diversity and mortaliy factor by natural enemies of P. blumei in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The behaviour of the insect were mating, foraging, competiting, defending, ovipositing, overheating and mud-puddling behaviour. Life Table was used for analysis of mortality factors, therefore the number of mortality was analyzed by key-factors formulation. The result indicated that mating strategies is patrolling. Foraging activity of the sixth instar was the highest compared to the other instars and the lowest one activity of the prapupa stadium of P. blumei. Nectar host plants for the imago of butterfly were Sarcosephalum latifolius and Eugenia sp. There was Scudderia sp. as an interspesific competitor for larval P. blumei. The intraspesific competitor of the imago stage was male of P. blumei. The defenses behaviour were countershading, batesian mimicry and osmeterium. Female P. blumei laid eggs on abaxial leaf E.hupehensis and the eggs hatched after six days. The larva of P. blumei has a overheating behaviour and the adults has a mud puddling. The natural enemies of P.blumei is Trichogramma sp., with k value = 0.381, Pteromalus sp., with k value = 0.125 and Formica sp., with k value = 0.096. The total of mortality value (K) is 0.602.

Kata Kunci : Papilio blumei, perilaku, musuh alami, bantimurung bulusaraung