Korelasi dukungan sosial dengan depresi pada lansia yang mengalami gangguan kognitif ringan di Panti Wredha Abiyoso Yogyakarta
NOOR, Isa Multazam, Prof. Dr. dr. Soewadi, MPH, Sp.KJ(K)
2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatamn MasyarakatLatar belakanng: Peningkatan pertumbuhan populasi usia lanjut telah menempatkan masalah orang lanjut usia sebagai bagian penting dari persoalan kesehatan jiwa di negara maju dan berkembang. Depresi adalah permasalahan kejiwaan yang seringkali ditemukan pada populasi lanjut usia dengan prevalensi sebesar 1.8-24.1%. Depresi lansia acapkali disalahdiagnosis sebagai gangguan kognitif, sehingga kedua permasalahan tersebut menjadi tidak tertangani dengan baik. Depresi merupakan salah satu faktor resiko untuk terjadinya gangguan kognitif ringan pada lanjut usia yang kemudian dapat berlanjut ke arah demensia. Permasalahan tersebut kemudian berimbas pada permasalahan sosial seperti penelantaran atau perlakuan yang salah terhadap lanjut usia (elderly abuse). Minimnya dukungan sosial ditengarai sebagai penyebab kesepian (loneliness) pada lansia, sehingga makin rentan untuk mengalami hendaya kognitif. Panti wredha menjadi salah satu solusi dalam penanganan permasalahan lanjut usia sebagai bentuk implementasi pemenuhan dukungan sosial. Tetapi, di satu sisi insiden depresi pada individu lanjut usia di panti wredha juga ternyata cukup tinggi. Tujuan: untuk mengidentifikasi korelasi dukungan sosial dengan depresi pada lansia dengan gangguan kognitif ringan di Panti Wredha Abiyoso Yogyakarta. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional study deskriptif analitik. Penelitian dilakukan di Panti Sosial Tresna Wredha (PSTW) Abiyoso Pakem Sleman Yogyakarta dari 4 Maret sampai 4 April 2008. Sampel penelitian diambil secara consecutive sampling sesuai dengan perkiraan besar sampel. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesioner data pribadi, Kuesioner SPMSQ (Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire), Instrumen Skala Depresi Geriatri 15, dan Kuesioner Dukungan Sosial oleh Sarason. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan chi-square korelasi. Hasil: Kepuasan terhadap dukungan sosial total memiliki hubungan secara bermakna dengan depresi pada lansia dengan gangguan kognitif ringan tetapi korelasinya lemah (p < 0.05, CC = 0.405). Jumlah dukungan sosial total memiliki hubungan secara bermakna dengan depresi pada lansia dengan gangguan kognitif ringan demgan korelasi cukup erat (p < 0.05, CC = 0.504). Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi antara dukungan sosial dengan depresi pada lansia dengan gangguan kognitif ringan di panti wredha,
Background: The increasing growth of elderly population has placed elderly problem as an important part of mental health issue in both, developed and developing country. Depression is mental problem which is frequently found in elderly population with prevalence was 1.8-24.1%. Geriatric Depression frequently misdiagnosed as cognitive impairment, so that both of them became were poorly managed. Depression is one of the risk factors involved in the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment in elderly which eventually progressed to dementia. These problems have induced social issues, such as neglect or elderly abuse. Lack of social support is considered as the cause loneliness in elderly, which may cause them even more vulnerable of suffering cognitive impairment. Nursing home became a solution for elderly management as an implementation type of compiled of social support. In the other hand, the incidence of depression among elderly in nursing home was also high. Objectives: To identify correlation between social support with the incidence of depression in elderly suffering mild cognitive impairment at Abiyoso Nursing Home Pakem Jogjakarta. Methods: This is an analytical and descriptive cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in Abiyoso Nursing Home Pakem Jogjakarta from March 4 to April 4 2008. The samples were collected by Consecutive Sampling Technique according to the number of sample estimation. Data were collected by personal questionnaire, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), 15 Geriatric Depression Scale, and The Social Support Questionnaire by Sarason. Data were analyzed using correlation chisquare. Results: Patients’ satisfaction towards social support has significant relation with depression in elderly suffering cognitive impairment, although the correlation was weak (p<0.05, CC=0.405). The sum of social support received has significant relation with depression in elderly suffering mild cognitive impairment and the relation is modest (p < 0.05, CC=0.504). Conclusion: The results of this research showed that there are correlations between social support and depression in elderly who has mild cognitive impairment in nursing home.
Kata Kunci : Dukungan sosial,depresi,Gangguan kognitif ringan,Lansia,Panti Wredha, social support-depression-mild cognitive impairment-elderly-nursing home
