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Efikasi obat anti nyamuk bakar (Bahan aktif: d-Alletrin, Transflutrin, Metoflutrin) terhadap Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles aconitus metode Glass Chamber di laboratorium

ROSALINA, Dr. Damar Tri Boewono, MS

2008 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja (Kesehatan Lingkungan)

Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (BDB), filariasis dan malaria telah menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia. Penggunaan insektisida rumah tangga dalam pengendalian vektor penyakit tersebut di Indonesia banyak menggunakan obat anti nyamuk bakar. Tujuan penelitian untuk menguji perbedaan efek knock down time (KT50 dan KT95) dan daya bunuh obat anti nyamuk bakar bahan aktif: d-Alletrin 0,25%, d-Alletrin 0,30%, Transflutrin 0,03%, Metoflutrin 0,005% dan Metoflutrin 0,015% terhadap nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti, An. aconitus dengan metode glass chamber di laboratorium Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan penelitian Post Test Only With Control Group Design. Subjek penelitian adalah nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti, dan An. aconitus hasil pembiakan laboratorium B2P2VRP Salatiga. Nyamuk uji masing-masing sebanyak 20 ekor dipajankan dengan insektisida selama 20 menit dalam glass chamber kemudian di holding sampai 24 jam dengan 3 kali ulangan. Variabel terikat: Kelumpuhan Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti, An. aconitus 1 sampai 20 menit dan kematian 24 jam, Variabel bebas: d- Alletrin 0,25%, d-Alletrin 0,30%, Transflutrin 0,03%, Metoflutrin 0,005% dan Metoflutrin 0,015%. Hasil Analisis Probit Finney (1971) menunjukan adanya perbedaan waktu kelumpuhan nyamuk uji. Pada nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus KT50 paling cepat Transflutrin 0,03% dan paling lambat Metoflutrin 0,005%, pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti paling cepat d-Alletrin 0,30% dan Transflutrin 0,03% dan paling lambat Metoflutrin 0,005% dan Metoflutrin 0,015%, pada nyamuk An. aconitus paling cepat d-Alletrin 0,30% dan paling lambat d-Alletrin 0,25%. Pada nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus KT95 paling cepat Transflutrin 0,03% dan paling lambat Metoflutrin 0,005%, pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti paling cepat d-Alletrin 0,30% dan paling lambat d-Alletrin 0,25%, pada nyamuk An. aconitus paling cepat Transflutrin 0,03% dan paling lambat d-Alletrin 0,25%. Hasil Analisis variansi menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang sangat signifikan (p=0,000) daya bunuh obat anti nyamuk bakar berbagai bahan aktif terhadap nyamuk uji. Transflutrin 0,03% lebih baik untuk membunuh Cx. quinquefasciatus. Bahan aktif d-Alletrin 0,25%, d-Alletrin 0,30%, Transflutrin 0,30% dan Metoflutrin 0,015% efektif untuk membunuh Ae. aegypti. Semua obat anti nyamuk bakar dengan berbagai jenis bahan aktif efektif membunuh nyamuk An. aconitus.

Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever, filariasis and malaria have become a global health problem. Insecticides which is mostly used in the household to control the vector of such diseases in Indonesia is known as mosquito coil. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the difference in knockdown time (KT50 and KT95) effect and efficacy of active mosquito coil incenses d-Alletrin 0.25%, d-Alletrin 0.30%, Transflutrin 0.03%, Metoflutrin 0.005% and Metoflutrin 0.015% against Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti, An. aconitus using glass chamber method at the laboratory. Method: The study was experimental method using Post Test Only With Control Group Design. Subject of the study were Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and An. aconitus result of reproduction at the Institue for Vector and Reservoir Control Development of Salatiga. There were as many as 20 treated mosquitoes each, exposed to insecticide within 20 minutes in glass chamber and holding 24 hours for (3) replications. The dependent variable were paralysis of Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti, An. aconitus within one until twenty minutes and death within 24 hours. The independent variables were d-Alletrin 0.25%, d-Alletrin 0.30%, Transflutrin 0.03%, Metoflutrin 0.005% and Metoflutrin 0.015%. Result and conclusion: The result of Probit Finney (1971) analysis showed that there was a difference in the period of paralysis of the treated mosquitoes. For Cx. quinquefasciatus the quickest KT50 was found in Transflutrin 0.03% and the slowest was in Metoflutrin 0.005%; for Ae. aegypti the quickest was found in d- Alletrin 0.30% and Transflutrin 0.03% and the slowest was in Metoflutrin 0.005% and Metoflutrin 0.015%; For An. aconitus the quickest was found in d-Alletrin 0.30% and the slowest was in d-Alletrin 0.25%. For Cx. quinquefasciatus the quickest KT95 was found in Transflutrin 0.03% and the slowest was in Metoflutrin 0.005%; for Ae. aegypti the quickest was found in d-Alletrin 0.30% and the slowest was in d-Alletrin 0.25%; for An. aconitus the quickest was found in Transflutrin 0.03% and the slowest was in d-Alletrin 0.25%.The result of variance analysis showed that there was a significant different (p=0.000) in killing capacity of mosquito coil with various active substances against treated mosquitoes. Transflutrin 0.03% was more effective in killing Cx. quinquefasciatus. Active subtances of d- Alletrin 0.25%, d-Alletrin 0.30%, Transflutrin 0.30% and Metoflutrin 0.015% were effective in killing Ae. aegypti. All anti mosquito coils with various active subtances were effective in killing An. Aconitus.

Kata Kunci : Kesehatan Lingkungan, Demam Berdarah Dengue, Insektisida Rumah Tangga


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