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KARAKTERISTIK LINGKUNGAN HABITAT SPESIFIK EKOSISTEM DENGAN KEBERADAAN JENTIK DAN NYAMUK DEWASA SEBAGAI VEKTOR DI KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG PROVINSI BANTEN (Analisis Data Sekunder Riskhus Vektora Balitbangkes Kemenkes RI)

ARDA DINATA, Prof. Dr. Suwarno Hadisusanto, M.Si.

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Latar Belakang: Data vektor penyakit masih terbatas, padahal keberadaannya penting dalam upaya pengendalian penyakit tular vektor. Nyamuk menjadi vektor utama penyebab penyakit tropis di Indonesia (malaria, DBD, chikungunya, dan filariasis). Untuk itu, perlu data geografis dan vektor penyakit terkait karakteristik lingkungan habitat spesifik ekosistem nyamuk. Tujuan: Mendapatkan data karakteristik lingkungan habitat spesifik ekosistem dengan keberadaan jentik dan nyamuk sebagai vektor di Kabupaten Pandeglang Provinsi Banten. Metode penelitian: Jenis penelitian observasional deskriptif, rancangan studi potong lintang (cross sectional study). Subyek penelitian, semua spesies jentik dan nyamuk tertangkap. Besar sampel, seluruh jentik dan nyamuk yang dikoleksi dari lokasi penelitian. Cara analisa data secara deskriptif hasil identifikasi ekosistem, habitat spesifik, morfologi jentik dan nyamuk. Hasil: Ada 16 habitat spesifik dari enam tipe ekosistem (HDP, HJP, NHDP, NHJP, PDP, dan PJP). Keberadaan karakteristik lingkungan menentukan untuk oviposisi dan perkembangan jentik. Berikut data spesies jentik berdasarkan karakteristik lingkungan habitat spesifik, yaitu: sawah (Culex sp., Culex vishuni, Culex tritaeniorhyncus, Anopheles barbirostris); kobakan (Anopheles sp., Culex sp.); tempurung kelapa (Aedes albopictus, Armigeres malayi, Armigeres kuchingensis, Armigeres sp., Culex sp.); ketiak daun talas (Malaya sp., Aedes albopictus, Malaya genurostri); ketiak daun pisang (Malaya sp., Malaya genurostris); rawa air tawar (Culex vishnui, Culex gelidus); rawa air payau (Anopheles sp.); tepi sungai (Anopheles sp., Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex sp ); parit (Culex sp., Culex quinquefasciatus); kolam (Culex sp.); lagun/goba (Anopheles sp., Culex sp.); mata air (Culex sp.); tunggul bambu (Anopheles sp., Culex sp.); pelepah daun kelapa jatuh (Aedes albopictus, Toxorhynchites sp.); kebun genjer (Culex sp.); dan botol/kaleng bekas (Aedes albopictus). Untuk jentik terbanyak ada di tipe HJP (160 jentik) dan sedikit tipe NHDP (9 jentik). Untuk nyamuk dewasa terbanyak ada di tipe NHDP (3214 ekor) dan sedikit tipe PJP (181 ekor). Hasil konfirmasi vektor positif untuk malaria (Anopheles vagus dan Anopheles kochi); DBD dan chikungunya (negatif); japanese encephalitis (negatif); filariasis (negatif). Kesimpulan: Keberadaan karakteristik lingkungan (pH, salinitas, suhu, intensitas cahaya, ketinggian habitat, keberadaan air, pergerakan air, kondisi air, keberadaan alga, keberadaan dan posisi vegetasi air) sangat penting untuk oviposisi dan perkembangan spesies nyamuk. Vektor positif hanya ditemukan pada vektor malaria, yaitu: Anopheles vagus dan Anopheles kochi. Untuk itu, Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Pandeglang perlu pengendalian fokus jentik nyamuk vektor malaria di habitat spesifik: sawah, kobakan, tepi sungai, lagun dan rawa air payau. Sedangkan untuk mengurangi kontak dengan nyamuk vektor malaria, maka pemberian kelambu berinsektisida selain kepada ibu hamil dan balita, juga fokus diberikan bagi penduduk yang bermukim di pinggir hutan (HDP) dan sekitar kebun (NHDP). Kata Kunci: nyamuk, ekosistem, karakteristik lingkungan, habitat spesifik, vektor

Background: The disease vector data is still limited, whereas its presence is important in efforts to control vector infectious disease. Mosquitoes become the main vector of tropical diseases in Indonesia (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and filariasis). Therefore, geographic data and disease vectors related to environmental characteristics of mosquito ecosystem-specific habitats are needed. Objective: Obtain environmental characteristics data of ecosystem-specific habitats with the presence of larvae and mosquitoes as vectors in Pandeglang Regency of Banten Province. Method: Type of descriptive observational research, cross sectional study design. Research subjects, all species of larvae and mosquitoes caught. Sample size, all larvae and mosquitoes collected from the study sites. How to analyze data descriptively result of identification of ecosystem, specific habitat, larva morphology and mosquito. Results: There are 16 specific habitats from six type of ecosystem ecosystems (HDP, HJP, NHDP, NHJP, PDP, and PJP). The existence of environmental characteristics determines for oviposition and larvae development. The following species data are larvae based on the specific habitats environment characteristics, namely: rice fields (Culex sp., Culex vishuni, Culex tritaeniorhyncus, Anopheles barbirostris); kobakan/small hole in the ground (Anopheles sp., Culex sp.); coconut shell (Aedes albopictus, Armigeres malayi, Armigeres kuchingensis, Armigeres sp., Culex sp.); armpit of taro leaf (Malaya sp., Aedes albopictus, Malaya genurostri); armpits of banana leaves (Malaya sp., Malaya genurostris); freshwater swamp (Culex vishnui, Culex gelidus); brackish water swamp (Anopheles sp.); riverside (Anopheles sp., Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex sp); trench (Culex sp., Culex quinquefasciatus); pool (Culex sp.); lagun/goba (Anopheles sp., Culex sp.); springs (Culex sp.); bamboo stump (Anopheles sp., Culex sp.); palm fronds fall (Aedes albopictus, Toxorhynchites sp.); garden genjer (Culex sp.); and used bottles/tins (Aedes albopictus). For most larvae are in the type of HJP (160 larvae) and a few types of NHDP (9 larvae). For most adult mosquitoes in the type of NHDP (3214 tail) and slightly type PJP (181 tails). Results of positive vector confirmation for malaria (Anopheles vagus and Anopheles kochi); DBD and chikungunya (negative); japanese encephalitis (negative); filariasis (negative). Conclusion: The presence of environmental characteristics (pH, salinity, temperature, light intensity, habitat height, presence of water, water movement, water conditions, presence of algae, presence and position of aquatic vegetation) are essential for the oviposition and development of mosquito species. Positive vectors are only found in malaria vectors, namely: Anopheles vagus and Anopheles kochi. For that, Dinas Kesehatan Kababupaten Pandeglang needs to control the focus of mosquito larvae in specific habitats: rice fields, kobakan, riverside, lagoons and swamps of brackish water. Meanwhile, to reduce contact with mosquitoes malaria vector, the provision of insecticide-treated bed nets in addition to pregnant women and toddlers, also focus is given to residents who live on the edge of the forest (HDP) and around the garden (NHDP). Keywords: mosquitoes, ecosystems, environmental characteristics, specific habitats, vectors

Kata Kunci : nyamuk, ekosistem, karakteristik lingkungan, habitat spesifik, vektor/ mosquitoes, ecosystems, environmental characteristics, specific habitats, vectors

  1. S2-2018-403188-abstract.pdf  
  2. S2-2018-403188-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S2-2018-403188-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S2-2018-403188-title.pdf