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POLISEMI PADA VERBA TURN: SEBUAH KAJIAN LINGUISTIK KOGNITIF

ROSIANA RIZQY W, Dr. Aris Munandar, M.Hum

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Linguistik

Penelitian ini menganalisis polisemi verba turn dengan menggunakan pendekatan linguistik kognitif khususnya polisemi terprinsip dengan menjelaskan konstruksi gramatikal, ciri semantis, makna spasial dan makna perluasan, serta makna prototipe dan jejaring semantis verba turn. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diambil dari kamus Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary dan British National Corpus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode padan dan agih serta tekniknya. Hasil yang ditemukan dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) konstruksi gramatikal verba turn memiliki argumen 1 dan 2 yang berperan sebagai pelaku, penderita, pengalam, dan tujuan. Verba turn terdiri dari dua bentuk, transitif dan intransitif. Konstruksi tersebut berupa (i) S + TURN, (ii) S + TURN + O, (iii) S + TURN + O + (keterangan tujuan), (iv) S + TURN + (keterangan tujuan), (v) S + TURN + Pelengkap. (2) verba turn muncul dalam semua jenis verba baik pencapaian, aktivitas, dan penyelesaian. Ciri semantis verba turn dalam kategori pencapaian adalah dinamis, telis, punctual, dalam kategori aktivitas adalah diamis, atelis, duratif, dan dalam kategori penyelesaian adalah dinamis, telis, duratif. (3) Verba turn memiliki empat makna spasial yaitu 'bergerak mengelilingi suatu titik', 'bergerak untuk mengubah posisi', 'bergerak ke arah tertentu', 'bergerak untuk memindahkan suatu objek'. Terdapat sekurang-kurangnya 22 makna perluasan verba turn, yaitu to change, to become, to reach, to change something completely, to succeed, to switch off, to switch on, to start running, to decrease, to increase, to discover, to be found, to produce, to attend, to appear, to dislike, to refuse, to attack, to hand over, to leave, to mess, dan to empty. (4) Verba turn memiliki dua makna prototipe yaitu 'bergerak atau menyebabkan sesuatu bergerak memutar' dan 'bergerak atau menyebabkan sesuatu ke arah tertentu'. Makna prototipe menjadi makna utama dari makna perluasannya yang dihubungkan dalam sebuah jejaring semantis.

This research analyzes polysemy of verb turn using the framework of cognitive linguistics especially principled polysemy that investigates grammatical constructions, semantic features, spatial scene and extended meaning, and prototype meaning and semantic network of verb turn. The data used in this research are taken from Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary and British National Corpus. This is a descriptive-qualitative research that employs some methods and techniques to analyze it. The results found that (1) The grammatical construction of verb turn has 1 and 2 arguments that have roles as an agent, a patient, a receiver, and a goal. Verb turn has two forms, transitive and intransitive. There are several constructions of verb turn (i) S + TURN, (ii) S + TURN + O, (iii) S + TURN + O + (Adverb) (iv) S + TURN + (Adverb), (v) S + TURN + Complement. (2) Verb turn has three categories of verb: achievement, activity, and accomplishment. Semantic features in the achievement verb are dynamic, telic, punctual. In the activity verb, the semantic features are dynamic, atelic, durative. In the accomplishment verb, the semantic features are dynamic, telic, durative. (3) Verb turn has at least four spatial scenes, namely 'to move or make something move round a central point or an axis', 'to move to change the position', 'to move in the specified direction', and 'to move something into a particular place or condition'. There are at least 22 extended meanings of verb turn, namely to change, to become, to reach, to change something completely, to succeed, to switch off, to switch on, to start running, to decrease, to increase, to discover, to be found, to produce, to attend, to appear, to dislike, to refuse, to attack, to hand over, to leave, to mess, and to empty. (4) Verb turn has two prototype meanings, 'to move or cause something to move around' and 'to move or make something move in the specified direction'. These prototype meanings are the central meanings of the extended meanings that are connected in a semantic network.

Kata Kunci : Linguistik Kognitif, Semantik, Polisemi, Verba TURN.

  1. S2-2016-370879-abstract.pdf  
  2. S2-2016-370879-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S2-2016-370879-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S2-2016-370879-title.pdf