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STRATEGI ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT PENDUKUNG SITUS LIYANGAN TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN PADA MASA MATARAM KUNO

EUSEBIA MARRYLAND, Drs. Jarwo Susetyo Edy Yuwono, M.Sc.

2016 | Skripsi | S1 ARKEOLOGI

Situs Liyangan merupakan salah satu situs arkeologi dari masa Mataram Kuno yang terletak di Dusun Liyangan, Desa Purbosari, Kecamatan Ngadirejo, Kabupaten Temanggung, Jawa Tengah. Bentanglahan sekitar yang berupa lereng gunung dipilih oleh masyarakat pendukung Situs Liyangan sebagai lokasi hunian. Kondisi ini memerlukan berbagai bentuk rekayasa dan modifikasi lingkungan agar dapat melakukan aktivitas di lokasi tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk adaptasi yang diterapkan oleh masyarakat pendukung Situs Liyangan pada masa Mataram Kuno. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan lingkungan sebagai strategi adaptasi masyarakat dalam menyikapi kelebihan dan kekurangan pada lingkungan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat deskriptif, dengan menggunakan penalaran induktif. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data arkeologi dan data bentanglahan. Data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan analisis fungsional, analisis spasial, dan analisis bentanglahan. Hasil dari analisis tersebut kemudian disintesiskan untuk memperoleh jawaban dari masalah yang diangkat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan upaya adaptasi masyarakat agar tetap hidup dengan memanfaatkan sumberdaya lingkungan, namun juga dapat hidup selaras dengan bencana. Pembangunan di Situs Liyangan diperkiran tidak semasa dan dapat dilihat dari variasi talud yang ditemukan. Bentuk strategi adaptasi tersebut dikelompokkan menjadi adaptasi lokasional, adaptasi teknologis, adaptasi mata pencaharian, dan adaptasi kebencanaan.

Liyangan holds an archaeology site from the period of Ancient Mataram. Liyangan Site is located in Liyangan, Purbosari village, Ngadirejo district, Temanggung regency, Middle Java. The surrounding landscapes which consisted of volcano slope and scarps were selected by the occupant of Liyangan Site as the location of their settlement. These landscapes needed various kinds of environment engineering and modification to ensure that occupant activities could be carried out in the location. This research was conducted to determine the forms of adaptation which were implemented by the occupant of Liyangan Site during the period of Ancient Mataram. The aim of this research is to find out the forms of environment management and utilization as the adaptation strategy of the site occupant in countering the advantage and disadvantage of their environment. Research method which was implemented is descriptive study by utilizing inductive reasoning. Data of this research are consisted of archaeology data and landscape data which were analyzed by utilizing functional analysis, spacial analysis, and landscape analysis. The result of the analysis is a syntheses from which the answer of the problem which was brought up can be drawn. The result of this research shows that there were the efforts of adaptation so that the occupant of the site could survive by utilizing the environment resource, and could harmonize with occasional calamities. Environment engineering and modification in Liyangan Site is approximated to not been executed only in one period as can be seen from the variation of embankment found in the site. The forms of adaptation strategy can be divided into four groups which are: adaptation on the location, adaptation on the technology, adaptation on the profession, and adaptation on the calamity.

Kata Kunci : adaptasi, Liyangan, lingkungan, Mataram Kuno

  1. S1-2016-318572-abstract.pdf  
  2. S1-2016-318572-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S1-2016-318572-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S1-2016-318572-title.pdf