Strategi Adaptasi dan Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim di Indonesia

YERRY PURBA WIRATAMA, Dr. Bevaola Kusumasari

2016 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU ADMINISTRASI NEGARA (MANAJEMEN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK)

ABSTRAK Dampak perubahan iklim di Indonesia telah berpengaruh pada multi-sektoral. Dalam menanggulangi dampak dan kerentanan yang ditimbulkan, pemerintah dan masyarakat menerapkan strategi adaptasi atau penyesuaian terhadap perubahan iklim. Disamping itu, keduannya juga menerapkan tindakan mitigasi perubahan iklim sebagai langkah pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya pemanasan global. Fokus utama dari penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan strategi adaptasi dan mitigasi yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam merespon hadirnya perubahan iklim. Strategi adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah dapat ditinjau dari aspek kebijakan, kelembagaan serta pendanaan. Sedangkan tindakan autonomous masyarakat dalam menanggapi hadirnya perubahan iklim dapat ditinjau dari strategi adaptasi struktural, ekonomi, sosial serta partisipasinya dalam mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Hasil dari penelitan ini menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah telah mengarusutamakan program kebijakan adaptasi dan mitigasi melalui RAN API dan RAN/RAD GRK, membuat sejumlah sistem seperti SIGN-SMART, SIDIK dan INCAS, penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan serta adanya sumber pendanaan baik dalam negeri maupun dukungan dari pihak Internasional. Disisi lain, tindakan adaptasi struktural, ekonomi dan sosial masyarakat di sejumlah daerah beragam tergantung pada dampak yang dialami serta kapasitas yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat. Begitu pula dengan adanya peran aktif kelompok masyarakat dan indigenous people dalam mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca. Namun dalam penerapannya, baik pemerintah maupun masyarakat ditemukan kelemahan atau kendala yang mengakibatkan tindakan penanggulangan perubahan iklim tersebut menjadi kurang efektif.

ABSTRACT The tremendous impact of climate change in Indonesia has affected the multi-sectoral. In overcoming the impact and vulnerability, government and society have to map out and implement series of adaption strategies or adjustment towards climate change. Besides, both prominent actors should also implement climate change mitigation as an alternative to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that causes global warming. The main focus of this scientific research is to examine the strategies of adaptation and mitigation that should be implemented by government and society in responding the presence of climate change. The strategies of adaptation and mitigation on climate change which are implemented by goverment can be reviewed from the aspects of policy/decision making, institution, as well as financing. On the other hand, the society�s autonomous action in responding to climate change can be reviewed from the strategies on adaptation, structure, economy, social, as well as the participation of the society itself in attempt to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. The specific method which is being used in this scientific research is qualitative and descriptive through literature review approaches. The result of this research shows that the government has created and prioritized the program of adaptation and mitigation policy through RAN API and RAN/RAD GRK, that has created several systems such as SIGN-SMART, SIDIK and INCAS, strengthened the capacity of institutions, as well as opened the source of funds and supports nationally and internationally. On the other hand, the adaptation on structural, economy, and social communities in several cities/regions are very diverse, depending on the impact experienced by the society and the capacity that society has. It is also in line with the active role of communities and indigenous people in reducing the greenhouse gas emition. However, in its application, government or society has a few weaknesses and obstacles which cause the ineffectiveness of climate change countermeasures.

Kata Kunci : adaptasi, mitigasi, perubahan iklim, Indonesia