SURVEI ENTOMOLOGI DAN PERHITUNGAN MAYA INDEX NYAMUK AEDES SP DI DUSUN SOROWAJAN KELURAHAN BANGUNTAPAN KECAMATAN BANGUNTAPAN KABUPATEN BANTUL

UNGGUL PRIBADI, Prof. dr. Sugeng Juwono M., DAP&E., M.Sc ; dr. Ernaningsih DTM&H., M.Kes ; Dr. Dra Budi Mulyaningsih, Apt., Ms.

2015 | Tugas Akhir | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER PROFESI

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD)masih merupakan masalah utama penyakit tropin di Indonesia. Prevensi DBD masih terpusat pada pembasmian vektor penyakit tersebut, yaitu Aedes sp. Prevensi yang masif tentunya membutuhkan rencana yang komprehensif. Kajian survey entomologi larva dan Maya Index dari Aedes sp diharapkan membantu rencana prevensi dengan jalan sebagai penyedia data pasti. Tujuan. Menetapkan tingkat risiko kejadian penularan DBD berbasis indeks kepadatan nyamuk Aedes sp: House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), Breteu Index (BI); dan menentukan besaran risiko kejadian penularan DBD berbasis Maya Index Metode. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan survei untuk mengamati tempat penampungan air/kontainer dan keberadaan larva. Data dikumpulkan untuk menghitung indeks larva(CI,HI,BI). Semua kontainer dikelompokkan menjadi controllable sites(CS) dan disposible sites(DS) untuk mendapatkan nilai breeding risk indicator(BRI) dan hygiene indicator(Hyg). BRI merupakan proporsi CS tiap rumah. Hyg merupakan proporsi DS tiap rumah. Berdasarkan distribusi tertil nilai BRI dan Hyg disusun dalam matrik 3x3 untuk menetukan Maya Index. Hasil penelitian. Dari survey didapat HI 25,00%, CI 3,85%, BI 27,63. Maya Index dengan status berisiko rendah sebanyak 28 rumah (36,84%), berisiko sedang sebanyak 23 rumah (30,26%), dan berisiko tinggi sebanyak 25 rumah (32,90%) Simpulan. Sorowajan merupakan daerah dengan kepadatan larva dan risiko penularan yang sedang-tinggi. Berdasarkan status Maya Index dapat diketahui bahwa 44%(33 rumah) berisiko rendah menjadi tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk, 25,3%(19 rumah) berisiko sedang, dan 30,7%(23 rumah) berisiko tinggi.

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever(DHF) is still a major public health problem in Indonesia. The prevention of DHF is consentrated on controlling its spreading vectors(Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus). The vector population has changed and developed dynamically. The data about vector population is needed to be updated monthly. Objectives. To find out the risk of DHF tranmission based on larval density indices(Container Index/CI, House Index/HI, Breteau Index/BI) and Maya Index and their relation to the risk of breeding sites and environmental hygiene status of the location. Methods. This research was observational study. Survey were conducted by searching for containers. Mosquito larva were collected and identified. The data was analized to count the larval indices (CI,HI,BI). Containers were classified into controllable sites(CS) and dispossible sites(DS) to get Breeding Risk Indicator(BRI) and Hygiene Indicator(Hyg). BRI was the proportion of CS in each house. Hyg was the proportion of DS in each house. Both indicator were categorized as high, medium, and low. BRI and Hyg value were plotted in a 3x3 matrix to define Maya Index. Result. Larval indices in Baturetno are CI 4,93%, HI 18,67%, BI 22,67. The proportion of houses with low, medium and high Maya Index category were 44%, 25,3% and 30,7%. Conclusion: Baturetno has a high density of larval population and high risk of transmission. From 75 houses in Baturetno, 33 houses have low risk, 19 have medium risk, and 23 houses have high risk as Ae. aegypti breeding sites.

Kata Kunci : Entomological survey, Aedes aegypti, Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, Maya Index