HUBUNGAN RIWAYAT PENYAKIT INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN AKUT DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA ANAK BALITA DI KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG PROVINSI BENGKULU

YENNI PUSPITA, Prof. dr. Djauhar Ismail, SpA(K), MPH, Ph.D

2015 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Stunting merupakan keadaan tubuh yang pendek atau sangat pendek hingga melampaui defisit 2 SD. Stunting bermula pada proses tumbuh kembang janin dari kandungan sampai balita, dimana proses tumbuh kembang terganggu oleh berbagai penyebab seperti asupan gizi, dan penyakit khususnya ISPA. Kabupaten Rejang Lebong Bengkulu memiliki angka stunting yang tinggi sebesar 38,5% diatas 20% batas non public health problem. Angka kejadian ISPA di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong 31,03 % di atas prevalensi angka nasional 25,5 %. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan riwayat penyakit infeksi saluran pernafasan akut (ISPA) dengan kejadian stunting pada balita 24-59 bulan di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong Bengkulu. Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan matched case control dilaksanaan pada bulan Juli – September 2014 di 2 kecamatan Kabupaten Rejang Lebong Bengkulu. Sampel penelitian anak balita di atas 2 tahun usia 24-59 bulan. Jumlah sampel 152 anak balita terdiri dari 76 kelompok kasus dan 76 kelompok kontrol. Teknik pengambilan sampel multi stage sampling dimodifikasi dengan purposive sampling dan random sampling. Analisa penelitian meliputi: univariabel, analisa bivariabel dengan uji McNemar dan multivariabel dengan regresi logistik kondisional dengan tingkat kemaknaan P < 0,05 dan OR, 95%CI. Hasil Penelitian: Ada hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara riwayat ISPA dengan kejadian stunting OR= 4.01; 95%CI:1,07-14,94. Analisis multivariabel menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara riwayat ISPA terhadap kejadian stunting dengan mengontrol variabel berat badan lahir, pendidikan dan asupan energi. Kesimpulan: Balita usia 24-59 bulan yang riwayat ISPA ?? 3 kali setahun dan berat bayi lahir rendah, pendidikan ibu rendah serta asupan energi rendah berpeluang lebih besar meningkatkan kejadian stunting.

Background: Stunting is a condition in which the body is short or very short falling beyond the deficit 2 SD. Stunting begins in the growth process of the fetus in the womb to toddlers, in which the growth process would be impaired by a variety of causes such as nutrition, and diseases especially ARI. Rejang Lebong of Bengkulu is high by 38.5%, above the 20% limit of the Non Public Health Problem. The incidence of ARI in Rejang Lebong is 31.03% above the national prevalence rate of 25.5%. Objective: To determine the relationship of the history of acute respiratory infection (ARI) to the incidence of stunting in children 24-59 months in Rejang Lebong of Bengkulu. Methods: This was an observational study with a matched case-control design. The population in this study was all under-five in 15 sub-districts of Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu. The research sample was children 24-59 months with multi stage sampling method modified by purposive sampling and random sampling with a total sample of 152 (76 cases and 76 controls). Analysis of study included univariable analysis, bivariable analysis with the McNemar test and multivariable analysis with conditional logistic regression with significance level of <0.05 and OR 95%. Results: There was a statistically significant association between a history of ARI greater than and equal to three times a year and stunting in children 24-59 months OR= 4.01; 95%CI:1,07-14,94. Multivariable analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between a history of respiratory infection and stunting by controlling the variables of birth weight, education and energy intake. Conclusion: Children aged 24-59 months with a history of ARI accompanied with low birth weight, education, and energy intake were likely to increase the incidence of stunting is greater.

Kata Kunci : Riwayat ISPA, stunting, anak balita 24-59 bulan