Laporkan Masalah

INTERVENSI PENDIDIKAN GIZI DALAM PROGRAM KELAS IBU-BALITA DAN PEMBERIAN ZAT GIZI MIKRO (TABURIA) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN STATUS GIZI ANAK BALITA GIZI BURUK USIA 25-60 BULAN

Abdul Basit, dr. Madarina Julia, MPH, Ph.D, Sp.A(K)

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Banyak program telah dilaksanakan untuk pencegahan dan penanggulangan gizi buruk pada anak balita. Namun, dari program tersebut hanya sedikit yang menekankan nilai investasi untuk peningkatan kualitas SDM. Investasi program gizi seperti pendidikan gizi dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan mengurangi tingkat kecacatan manfaat dari setiap nilai yang diinvestasikan sebesar 32,3 USD jika dibandingkan program subsidi pangan 0,9 USD, makanan tambahan balita 1,4 USD dan PMT-AS 2,8 USD. Penelitian tentang pemberian zat gizi mikro (seperti taburia) memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan yang mengarah kepada peningkatan status gizi anak balita. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan intervensi pendidikan gizi dalam program kelas ibu-balita dengan pemberian zat gizi mikro (taburia) terhadap peningkatan status gizi anak balita gizi buruk usia 25-60 bulan. Metode: Penelitian ekperimental dengan rancangan randomized controlled trial non blinded. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Banjarmasin tahun 2012 selama 90 hari. Intervensi terdiri dari 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok I pendidikan gizi dalam kelas ibu balita 3 kali sesi pertemuan dan biskuit 120 g/hari selama 90 hari, kelompok II diberi zat gizi mikro berupa taburia 1 gram setiap 2 hari sekali dan biskuit 120 g/hari selama 90 hari. Sampel adalah balita gizi buruk dikonfirmasi dengan indeks BB/TB sebanyak 66 balita dengan cara teknik pengambilan random allocation dengan bantuan tabel acak. Penilaian asupan gizi (energi, protein, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Fe dan zink) menggunakan metode wawancara multiple food recall 24 jam dan status gizi balita dilakukan dengan pengukuran antropometri. Hasil data dianalisis dengan univariat dan bivariat. Hasil: Ada perbedaan bermakna antara intervensi pendidikan gizi dengan pemberian taburia terhadap peningkatan status gizi balita (nilai skor-z indeks BB/TB) (p=0,04), perubahan berat badan (p=0,04) dan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna terhadap asupan gizi (p>0,05) dan perubahan tinggi badan anak balita gizi buruk (p=0,07). Pendidikan gizi memberikan kontribusi peningkatan status gizi sebesar 1,20+0,63 SD, berat badan balita sebesar 1,22+0,62 kg dan tinggi badan sebesar 1,45+0,80 cm. Pemberian taburia memberikan kontribusi peningkatan status gizi 0,84+0,75 SD, berat badan balita 0,88+0,72 kg dan tinggi badan 1,08+0,78 cm. Kesimpulan: Intervensi pendidikan gizi lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan pemberian taburia di dalam peningkatan status gizi (nilai skor-z indeks BB/TB), berat badan dan tinggi badan anak balita gizi buruk.

Background: Many programs have been implemented to prevent and overcome malnutrition in children under five. Yet, only a few of the programs focuses on investment value to improve quality of human resources. Investment in nutrition program such as nutrition education can increase income and minimize flaws in benefits of every value invested as much as USD 32.30 compared to program of food subsidy USD 0.90, extra food for children under five USD 1.40 and program of extra foods for school children USD 2.80. Micronutrient (taburia) supplementation brings positive effects to growth that leads to improved nutrition status of children under five. Objective: To identify difference of intervention on nutrition education in the program of class of mothers of children under five and micronutrient (taburia) supplementation to increase of nutrition status in malnourished children under five of age 25-60 months. Method: The study was experimental randomized controlled trial non blinded design carried out within 90 days in 2012. There were 2 groups of intervention, i.e. group I with nutrition education in class of mothers of children under five as many as 3 times and extra foods of biscuits 120 g/day within 90 days, group II was supplemented with micronutrient (taburia) 1 gram/2days and biscuits 120 g/day within 90 days. Samples 66 malnourished children under five confirmed through assessment of index weight/height taken through random allocation technique using random table. Assessment of nutrition intake (energy, protein, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Fe and zinc) used interview method of multiple food recall 24 hours and nutrition status of children under five used anthropometric measurement. Data analyzed using univariate and bivariate technique. Result: There was significant difference between intervention in nutrition education and taburia supplementation to increase of nutrition status of children under five (z-score of index of weight/height) (p=0.04), weight change (p=0.04) and there was no significant difference in nutrition intake (p>0.05) and height change of malnourished children under five (p=0.07). Intervention of health education contributed to increase of nutrition status of children under five (z-score of index of weight/height) 1,20+0,63 SD, weight increase 1.22±0.62 kg and height increase 1.45±0.80 cm, whereas intervention of micronutrient supplementation contributed to increase of nutrition status children under five (z-score of index of weight/height) 0,84+0,75 SD, weight increase 0.88±0.72 kg and height 1.08±0.78 cm. Conclusion: Intervension of nutritional education was superior as compared with administration of taburia in improving nutritional status (z-score index for weight/height), body weight and height of malnourished children under five years old.

Kata Kunci : Pendidikan gizi, zat gizi mikro (taburia), asupan gizi dan peningkatan status gizi.


    Tidak tersedia file untuk ditampilkan ke publik.