A REVIEW OF HIGH-SPEED RAIL PLAN IN JAVA SLAND: A COMPARISON WITH EXISTING MODES OF TRANSPORT
EKO HARTONO, Dr-Eng. Imam Muthohar, S.T., M.T
2013 | Tesis | S2 Mag. S. & T.Transportasi-
In order to provide better transportation systems, Indonesian Government is planning to develop a new high-speed rail system in Java. The new high-speed line will connect two biggest cities in Java Island, Jakarta and Surabaya, with approximately 685 kilometres of entirely new track. This paper reviewed the Indonesian Government’s plan to develop the high-speed rail in term of comparison to existing modes of transport. Four objectives have been set up in this research. The first objective is to compare journey time of high-speed rail with existing modes of transport, especially air transport. The second is to predict and compare demands of the high-speed rail. The third is analysing carbon emissions (CO2) by introducing high-speed rail. The last is to compare generalised cost of each mode. For this purpose, data of population in Java Island and passenger movements in the Jakarta-Surabaya corridor in 2010 are used. This study employs demands projection of high-speed rail using JETRO method and benchmarking from other countries’ high speed rails. Furthermore, air pollution caused by transport mode was calculated based on the emission factor from CACP & CNT. The last is generalised cost that considers total journey time as value of money. Results of the analysis are expected to form part of the consideration whether or not the high-speed rail is worth being built in Java Island. It can be concluded that journey time and fare of the high-speed rail is very competitive to the air transport in Jakarta-Surabaya corridor. The journey time to travel from Jakarta to Surabaya is 4 hours and 19 minutes by high-speed train and 4 hours and 40 minutes by air. Based on the benchmarking analysis, the suitable fare for the high-speed rail should be 70% of the air transport. This study predicted that 61% of air passenger, 18% of conventional rail passenger and 12% of bus passenger will switch to the high-speed rail service in 2020. In total, the high-speed rail will have 24% of market share for the passenger transport and becomes the second largest market share after road transport (52%). The conventional rail and air transport have 14% and 9% of total market share to travel from Jakarta to Surabaya and vice versa. The high-speed rail development reduces carbon emissions caused by transportation systems in Java Island. It has been calculated that there are 2.542 million tonnes of CO2 per annum without introducing high-speed rail, however, the CO2 emissions decrease to 1.694 million tonnes per annum if the high-speed rail is developed in Java Island. Generalised cost of the high-speed rail is higher than road and conventional rail, however, it is lower than air transport. Considering benefits of the high-speed rail, the Indonesian Government should take action immediately to start the development so the high-speed rail can be opened to serve public as soon as possible.
Kata Kunci : Java high-speed rail, HSR Comparison, modal share, journey time
