Perlakuan Fermentasi dan Evaluasi Nilai Nutrisi Bahan Pakan Kaya Serat dalam Ransum Itik Jantan Umur 5-10 Minggu

WINARTI, Erna, Dr. Ir. Ali Agus DAA., DEA

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fermentasi ransum kaya serat terhadap nilai nutrisi dan kinerja produksi itik jantan fase pertumbuhan. Penelitian dilakukan 2 tahap. Tahap I, fermentasi ransum yang disusun dari bahan : kulit ari kedele 15%, onggok 15%, menir kedele 30% dan jagung 40%. Ransum difermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger (FAN), campuran BAL-sellulolitik (FCBAL- S) dan tanpa fermentasi (Kontrol). Ransum sebelum dan sesudah fermentasi dianalisis kandungan serat kasar, protein kasar, lemak kasar, BETN dan abu. Tahap II, pengukuran energi metabolisme dan penerapan ransum sebagai pakan itik jantan fase pertumbuhan. Pengukuran energi metabolisme ransum FAN, FCBAL- S dan Kontrol serta energi endogen masing-masing menggunakan 4 ekor itik jantan umur 8 minggu. Penerapan ransum sebagai pakan itik jantan umur 5-10 minggu menggunakan itik jantan umur 5 minggu sebanyak 120 ekor yang dibagi menjadi 3 perlakuan pakan, masing-masing perlakuan 4 kali ulangan (10 ekor/ulangan). Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah FAN, FC-BAL-S dan Kontrol. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap nilai nutrisi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan itik, konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan persentase karkas dan kualitas daging. Aspek ekonomi dihitung dari biaya pakan untuk menghasilkan setiap kg kenaikan bobot badan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger menurunkan secara nyata (P<0,05) kandungan serat kasar (-2,39 %), meningkatkan protein kasar (+4,20 %), meningkatkan secara sangat nyata (P<0,01) konsumsi pakan (+49 g), pertambahan bobot badan (+60,4 g) dan menurunkan secara sangat nyata (P<0,01) konversi pakan ( -0,47 ) serta tidak berpengaruh terhadap energi metabolise, persentase karkas, kadar air dan susut masak daging. Fermentasi dengan campuran BAL-sellulolitik menurunkan secara nyata (P<0,05) kandungan serat kasar (-5,03%), meningkatkan protein kasar (+4,34 %), meningkatkan energi metabolisme (+4194,6 kal/g), meningkatkan secara sangat nyata (P<0,01) konsumsi pakan (+211 g), meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan (+281,1 g), menurunkan konversi pakan (-1,09), menurunkkan persentase karkas (- 3,7%) serta tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar air dan susut masak daging. Biaya pakan untuk menghasilkan tiap 1 kg kenaikan bobot badan, perlakuan FAN sebesar Rp. 8.968, perlakuan FC-BAL-S sebesar Rp. 6.482 dan Kontrol sebesar Rp. 9.275. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa fermentasi ransum kaya serat dengan Aspergillus niger maupun multi mikroba dapat meningkatkan nilai nutrisi ransum dan memperbaiki kinerja produksi itik jantan umur 5-10 minggu. Fermentasi dengan FC-BAL-S memberikan kenaikan nilai nutrisi dan kinerja itik paling baik serta biaya pakan paling murah.

The Objective of this research is to study the effect of fermented high fiber feed on nutrien content and performance of male duck 5-10 weeks old. Treatment conducted throuh 2 steps, firstly, fermented feed consist of : soybean skin 15 %, tapioca processing waste (onggok)15%, soybean 30% and corn 40 %. The feed fermented with Aspergillus niger (FAN), feed fermented with cellulolytic lactic acid mixture microbies (FC-BAL-S) and non-fermented feed as Control.Before and after fermentation the feed was analysed particularly it content on: crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat and ash. Secondly, the feed was measured on metabolism energy and their feed on male duck during 5-10 weeks old. Measurement of feed metabolism energy of FAN, FC-BAL-S, Control and endogen energy their feed observed on 4 male dusck 8 weeks old. Applying feed, one hundred twenty male duck of 5 weeks old were devided into 3 treatments. feeding, every treatment replicated for 4 times. The treatments consist of : 1) FAN = fermented feed with Aspergillus niger, 2) FC-BAL-S = fermented feed with cellulolytic lactic acid mixture microbies, 3) Kontrol = non-fermented. Observation were done on: feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, carcas percentage and meat quality. Economic aspect count by cost feed for gaining 1 kg body weight. The result showed that feed fermented with Aspergillus niger decreased significant crude fiber (-2,39), increased crud protein (+4,20 %), increased feed intake significant (+ 49 g), increased weight gain (+60,4 g), decreased feed conversion (-0,47), and having not significant on metabolism energy, carcass percentage, water content and cooking lost. Feed fermented with cellulolytic lactic acid mixture microbies decreased crude fiber (-5,03), increased crud protein (+4,34 %), increased metabolism energy (+4194,6 cal/g), increased feed intake (+211g), increased weight gain (+281,1g), descreased feed convertion significant (-1,09), descreased carcas percentage (-3,7 %) and having not significant on, water content and cooking lost. Feed cost for gain each 1 kg duck body weight: FAN treatment Rp 8.968, FC-BAL-S treatment Rp 6.482 and Control Rp 9.275. It can be concluded that fermentation diet with Aspergillus niger or cellulolytic lactic acid mixture microbies could increase the nutrient value of feed and also improve male duck performance during 5-10 weeks old. The cheapest feeding cost is fermentation diet with cellulolytic lactic acid mixture microbies.

Kata Kunci : Ransum itik Jantan,Fermentasi, Nilai Nutrisi, Male Duck, fermentation, Aspergillus niger, Lactic acid mikrobies, Cellulolytic