Hubungan antara status Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium (GAKI), status anemia dengan prestasi belajar anak Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Dairi Provinsi Sumatera tara

SIHITE, Gema T.D, Toto Sudargo, SKM.,M.Kes

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat (Gizi dan Kesehatan)

Latar belakang : Gangguan akibat kekurangan iodium dan anemia akan mengakibatkan penurunan prestasi belajar pada anak sekolah, gangguan akibat kekuranan iodium akan mengakibatkan dampak buruk pada perkembangan sel-sel syaraf yang mempengaruhi perkembangan kecerdasan serta kemampuan belajar anak. Demikian pula halnya dengan keadaan anemi akan mengakibatkan kesulitan berfikir secara logika dan analog, menurunnya konsentrasi belajar akan berdampak negatif terhadap penurunan prestasi belajar anak sekolah. Tujuan : Mengkaji hubungan status GAKI dengan prestasi belajar anak SD, mengkaji hubungan status anemi dengan prestasi belajar anak SD dan mengkaji hubungan antara status GAKI dengan status anemi anak SD di Kabupaten Dairi. Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi adalah seluruh anak SD di Kabupaten Dairi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah, siswa SD di Kabupaten Dairi yang terpilih menjadi subyek penelitian (247 0rang). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara Multistage Sampling Designs, dengan kelompok subyek terpilih diambil secara acak. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat sedangkan uji statistik secara bivariat dengan Chi Square untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status GAKI dengan prestasi belajar anak SD, hubungan antara status anemi dengan prestasi belajar anak SD, dan hubungan status GAKI dengan status anemi anak SD. Keseluruhan data diolah dengan menggunakan perangkat komputer. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara status GAKI dengan prestasi belajar anak SD (p = 0,000), ada hubungan antara status anemi dengan prestai belajar anak SD (p = 0,001, OR = 2,365) dan tidak ada hubungan antara status GAKI dengan status anemi anak SD (p =0,749). Kesimpulan : Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukan, ada hubungan yang signifikan antara status GAKI dengan prestasi belajar anak SD (p = 0,000), serta ada hubungan yang signifikan antara status anemi dengan prestasi belajar anak SD (p = 0,001).

Background: Disorders resulting from iodine deficiency and anemia will decrease learning achievement among elementary school children. Iodine deficiency has negative impacts on the growth of nervous cells that, in turn, influence their intelligence and learning ability. Also, the anemia condition will cause difficulties in logic and analogous thinking and decrease of concentration to study that have a negative impact in the form of declined learning achievement among the students. Objective: To examine the relationship between the status of iodine deficiency disorder and learning achievement of elementary school children, examine the relationship between status of anemia and learning achievement of elementary school children, and examined the relationship between status of iodine deficiency disorder and status of anemia among the elementary children in Dairi district. Method: This was an observational study using a cross-sectional design. The study population was all elementary school children in Dairi district and the selected samples were 247 individuals. These samples were selected using the Multistage Sampling Design, where the subjects were randomly selected. Data were processed with univariate analysis and the statistical test was a bivariate using Chi Square test to find out the relationship between the status of iodine deficiency disorder and the learning achievement among the elementary school children, the relationship between status of anemia and learning achievement among elementary school children, and the relationship between the status of iodine deficiency disorder and status of anemia among the elementary school children. The entire data were processed with a computer . Result: The results of study indicated that there was a relationship between the status of iodine deficiency disorder and the learning achievement among the elementary school children (p = 0.000), there was a relationship between status of anemia and the learning achievement among the elementary school children (p = 0.001, OR = 2.365), and there was no relationship between status of iodine deficiency disorder and status of anemia among the elementary school children (p =0.749). Conclusion: Results of bivariate analysis indicated that there was a significant relationship between status of iodine deficiency disorder and the learning achievement of elementary school children (p = 0.000), there was a significant relationship between status of anemia and the learning achievement of elementary school children (p = 0.001).

Kata Kunci : Status Gizi,GAKI,Prestasi Belajar