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Kondisi sanitasi lingkungan dan vektor dengue demam berdarah pada kasus penyakit DBD di Kecamatan Tikala Kota Manado

SUWARJA, Prof.Dr.dr. Soeyoko, DTM

2007 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja (Kesehatan Lingkungan)

Faktor penyebab munculnya kembali epidemi DBD adalah pertumbuhan populasi manusia yang semakin meningkat, urban isasi yang tidak terencana dan terkendali, manajemen sampah dan penyediaan air yang tidak memenuhi syarat, peningkatan penyebaran dan kepadatan vektor nyamuk.Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis gambaran keberadaan jenis konteiner sebagai tempat berkembangbiaknya nyamuk Ae.aegypti, mengetahui dan menganalisis hubu-ngan suhu, ke lembaban, kondisi sanitasi lingkungan, jumlah konteiner dengan kepadatan jentik dan hubungan kepadatan jentik Ae.aegypti dengan kasus DBD di Kecamatan Tikala Kota Manado. Cara penelitian observasional dengan rancangan kasus kontrol, dan cara penelitian dengan melalui wawancara, observasi dengan menggunakan koesioner dan formulir survei jentik, kemudian di analisis secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan menggunakan uji statistik regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian bahwa jenis konteiner yang paling banyak ditemukan sebagai tempat berkembangbiaknya nyamuk Ae.aegypti adalah ember (40.7%) dan telah ditemukan sumur gali (1.4%) dan saluran air/got (7.4%) sebagai tempat berkembangbiaknya nyamuk Ae.aegypti. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan, bahwa 1). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara suhu lingkungan dengan kepadatan jentik ae.aegypti dengan nilai p= 0.021 dan r= 0.252, 2)Tidak terdapat hubungan (nirsignifikan) antara kelembaban lingkungan dengan kepadatan jentik Ae.aegypti dengan nilai p= 0.589 dan r = 0.062, 3), Terdapat hubungan yang sangat signifikan antara kondisi sanitasi lingkungan dengan kepadatan jentik Ae.aegypti, dengan nilai p = 0.006 dan r = - 0.303, 4). Terdapat hubungan yang sangat signifikan antara jumlah konteiner dengan kepadatan jentik Ae.aegypti, dengan nilai p = 0.000 dan r = 0.910, 5).Terdapat hubungan yang sangat signifikan antara kepadatan jentik Ae.aegypti dengan kasus DBD di Kecamatan Tikala Kota Manado, dengan nilai p = 0.000 dan nilai r = -0.715. Hasil analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik, ternyata prediktor jumlah konteiner hubungannya sangat signifikan dengan kasus DBD (p = 0.000) dan sumbangan efektifnya ± 53% (BE%=53.014) diikuti prediktor kepadatan jentik hubungannya sangat signifikan (p= 0004) dan sumbangan efektifnya ± 23% (BE%=23.161) dan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan mempunyai hubungan sangat signifikan (p=0.001) dan sumbangan efektifnya ±9% (BE%=19.294) terhadap kasus DBD di Kecamatan Tikala Kota Manado. Kesimpulan penelitian:1)Jenis konteiner ember yang paling banyak ditemukan sebagai tempat berkem-bangbiak nyamuk Ae.aegypti, telah ditemukan sumur gali dan saluran air/got positip jentik ae.aegypti.2). Terdapat hubungan antara suhu lingkungan dengan kepadatan jentik Ae.aegypti.3). Tidak terdapat hubungan (nirsignifikan) antara kelembaban lingkungan dengan kepadatan jentik ae.aegypti.4) Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kondisi sanitasi dengan kepadatan jentik Ae.aegypti.5).Terdapat hubungan yang sangat signifikan antara jumlah konteiner dengan kepadatan jentik Ae.aegypti.6). Terdapat hubungan yang sangat signifikan antara kepadatan jentik Ae.aegypti dengan kasus DBD.

The cause factors of DHF epidemic reoccurrence are the progresses of population growth, unplanned and uncontrolled urbanization, insufficient wastes management and water availability, the improvement of dissemination and density of mosquito larvae vectors. This research was aimed to find out and analyze the description of container type of Ae.aegypti mosquito breeding place, find out and analyze the relationship of temperature, humidity, environmental sanitation condition, number of container with mosquito larvae density, and the relationship of Ae.aegyptii mosquito larvae’s density with DHF case in Tikala subdistrict, Manado municipality. This research was observational that used case control design and it was conducted with interview and observation that used questionnaire and survey form of mosquito larvae which was analyzed with univariat, bivariat, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression statistic test. The result of the research showed that the mostly found container that functioned as Ae.aegypti breeding place was bucket (40.7%) and it was found that well (1.4%) and water canal (7.4%) were also functioned as breeding place of Ae.aegypti mosquito larvae. In addition, the result of statistic test showed that: 1) there was a significant relationship between environmental temperature with the density of Ae.aegypti mosquito larvae with p = 0.021 and r = 0,252. 2) there was no relationship between environmental humidity with density of Ae. aegypti mosquito larvae and it was obtained that p = 0.589 and r = 0.062, 3) there was a significant relationship between environmental sanitation condition with the density of Ae. aegypti mosquito larvae and it was obtained that p = 0.006 and r =-0.303, 4) there was a significant relationship between container number with the density of Ae.aegypti mosquito larvae with p = 0.000 and r = 0.910 and 5) there was a significant relatio nship between the density of Ae.aegypti mosquito larvae with DHF case in Tikala subdistrict, Manado municipality and it was obtained that p = 0.000 and r = -0.715. The result of multivariate analysis with logistic regression test showed that the predictor of the container number was significantly related to DHF case (p=0.000) and it’s effective contribution was ± 53% (BE%=53.014), predictor of mosquito larvae density was significantly related to that (p=0.004) and it’s effective contribution was ± 23% (BE%=23.161), the environmental sanitation condition was significantly related to that (p=0.001) and it’s effective contribution was ± 19% (BE%=19.294) toward DHF case in Tikala subdistrict, Manado munic ipality. The conclusion is that: 1) the type of container that is mostly found as Ae.aegypti mosquito breeding place, has found in well and water canal that is positive with Ae.aegypti, 2) there was a relationship between environmental temperature with Ae.aegypti mosquito larvae density, 3) there was a non significant relationship between environmental humidity with the density of Ae.aegypti mosquito larvae, 4) there was a significant relationship between sanitation condition with the density of Ae.aegypti mosquito larvae, 5) there was a significant relationship between container with Ae.aegypti mosquito larvae density, 6) there was a significant relationship between Ae.aegypti mosquito larvae density with DHF case.

Kata Kunci : Sanitasi Lingkungan,Vektor DB,DBD


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