Anemia dan prestasi belajar pada remaja putri di Sekolah Menengah Umum (SMU) dan Madrasah Aliyah (MA) Kota Magelang

SETYOWATI ER., Heni, Prof.dr. Mohammad Hakimi, SpOG.,PhD

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Secara nasional prestasi belajar siswa Sekolah Menengah Umum (SMU) di Indonesia kurang memuaskan karena jumlah nilai rata-rata Ujian Akhir Nasional(UAN) SMU kelas IPA adalah 4.40, IPS 4.27 dan Bahasa 4.63. Demikian juga prestasi belajar siswa SMU dan Madrasah Ali yah(MA) di wilayah Kota Magelang. Bila dilihat dari rata-rata Nilai Ebtanas Murni (NEM) tahun ajaran 2000/2001 adalah dari tujuh mata pelajaran yang ada dalam NEM satu mata pelajaran yang mendapat nilai B (baik), tiga mata pelajaran memperoleh nilai C (cuk up), satu mata pelajaran memperoleh nilai D (kurang) dan dua mata pelajaran memperoleh nilai E (gagal). Dari distribusi NEM 31.2 persen siswa memiliki rentang nilai antara 4.51 – 5.50. Standar lulus ujian akhir nasional tahun 2004/2005 adalah rata -rata nilai per mata ajar adalah 4.25. Di samping itu prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri di Indonesia masih tinggi yaitu 57,1 persen. Sedangkan dari hasil studi pendahuluan pada remaja putri di Kota Magelang ditemukan 20 persen remaja putri mengalami anemia. Apakah anemia yang dalam penelitian ini digambarkan dengan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) memiliki hubungan dengan prestasi belajar remaja putri di SMU/MA Kota Magelang masih perlu klarifikasi mengingat prestasi belajar itu dipengaruhi berbagai faktor dan belum adanya penelitian tentang kadar Hb pada remaja putri serta hubungan kadar Hb dengan prestasi belajar pada remaja putri di Kota Magelang. Tujuan penelitian: Meningkatkan prestasi belajar remaja putri di SMU/MA Kota Magelang. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan suatu studi analisis yang menggunakan data primer dengan desain penelitian Cross Sectional. Data diperoleh dengan pengisian kuesioner dan pengukuran kadar hemoglobin dengan metode cyanmet. Subjek penelitian ini adalah remaja putri di SMU dan MA Kota Magelang sejumlah 192 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara random atau acak. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis Univariabel, Bivariabel, Stratifikasi dan Multivariabel. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan antara kadar Hb dengan prestasi belajar (p<0.05). Setiap kenaikan satu point kadar Hb akan meningkatkan prestasi belajar sebesar 0.834 (p<0.05). Kesimpulan: Kadar Hb memiliki hubungan dengan prestasi belajar remaja putri di SMU/MA Kota Magelang.

Background: At national level academic achievement of Senior High School students in Indonesia is unsatistying because total of national final examination average score for Basic Science Division is 4.40, Social Science Division is 4.27and Language Division is 4.63. And so is academic achievement of Senior High School and Madrasah Aliyah students at Magelang City. Average of pure / exclusive national final examination score in 2000/2001 is, out of seven subjects, one subject gets B (good) mark, three subjects get C (satisfactory) mark, one subject gets D (unsatisfactory) mark and one subject gets E (failed) mark. Distribution of exclusive national final examination shows that 31.2% of students have range of score between 4.51 – 5.50. Passing grade of national final examination in 2004/2005 is average 4.25 per subject. Meanwhile, anemia prevalence among female teenagers in Indonesia is still relatively high (57.1%). Result of preliminary study on female teenagers in Magelang City shows that 20% of female teenagers are anemic. Whether anemia as reflected in haemoglobin level (Hb) in this study has relationship with academic achievement of female teenagers of Senior High School / Madrasah Aliyah in Magelang City needs to be clarified considering that academic achievement is affected by several factors and a study on haemoglobin among female teenagers and the relationship between haemoglobin level and academic achievement of female teenagers in Magelang City has never been conducted. Objectives: To improve of female teenagers' academic achievement at Senior High School / Madrasah Aliyah in Magelang City. Methods: The study was an analytical type which used primary data with a cross sectional design. Data were collected through questionnaires and measurement of haemoglobin level with cyanmeth method. Subject of the study were 192 female teenagers at Senior High School / Madrasah Aliyah in Magelang City. Samples were randomly taken. Data were analyzed using unvariable, bevariable, Stratification and multivariable approaches. Results: There was relationship between haemoglobin level with academic achievement (p<0.05). Every one unit increase in haemoglobin level was associated with 0.834 unit increase in academic achievement (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was relationship between haemoglobin level with academic achievement.

Kata Kunci : Kesehatan Anak, Anemia dan Prestasi Belajar, iron deficiency, academic achievement, female teenagers.