I Made Kredek 1906-1979 :: Kehidupan, karya, dan pemikirannya

WIDJAJA, N.L.N. Suasthi, Prof.Dr. R.M. Soedarsono

2002 | Tesis | S2 Pengkajian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa

Tujuan ditulisnya tesis ini adalah untuk memahami kesenian Bali, melalui kehidupan salah seorang senimannya yang memiliki peranan penting, dalam kehidupan seni pertunjukan Bali, baik lewat kehidupan, karya, dan pemikirannya yang berhasil diwariskan kepada keluarga maupun murid-muridnya. Mereka masih meneruskan tradisi yang diwariskan itu secara berkelanj u tan sampai se karang. I Made Kredek yang dilahirkan pada tahun 1906, adalah seorang penari terkenal yang memiliki banyak talenta, khususnya dalam seni pertunjukan klasik Bali seperti Ada, Topeng, Bans, Janger, Barong Kuntisraya, Joged Pingitan, Gambuh, dan Calonarang. Selain menari, ia juga mengajar keahliannya ke berbagai pelosok desa di Bali. Selma mengajar, ia selalu meluangkan waktu untuk memperdalam pengetahuannya dalam bidang sastra, magi putih maupun magi hitam sebagai bagian penting untuk melindungi dirinya, dalam pertunjukan yang menggunakan cerita panyalonarangan. Ketika pariwisata mulai berkembang di Bali, beberapa seniman di Singapadu berkeinginan melakukan pertunjukan untuk wisatawan. Kredek mewujudkan gagasan tersebut dengan menciptakan dramatari Barong Kuntisraya, dengan menampilkan barong dan rangda. Pemilihan cerita maupun penyusunan skenarionya, dilakukan oleh Kredek sekaligus sebagai penari tokoh Sahadewa, salah seorang dari Pandawa bersaudara. Kreasi ini masih marak sampai sekarang, dan menjadi salah satu seni unggulan pariwisata di Pulau Bali. Arja sebunan hasil binaan Kredek masih aktif sampai se karang, bahkan pernah meraih penghargaan se bagai grup terbaik dalam festival Ada yang diadakan oleh Pemerintah Daerah Propinsi Tingkat I Bali pada tahun 1975 dan tahun 1986. I Made Kredek menikahi seorang penari dan dikaruniai dua orang anak, yang juga telah menjadi penari terkenal, mengikuti jejak ayahnya. Putra tertuanya I Made Bandem, berhasil menyandang gelar Doctor of Philosophy dalam bidang Ethnomusikology, ilmu musik bangsa- bangsa dari Wesleyan University USA, dan sekarang menjabat Rektor Institut Seni Indonesia di Yogyakarta. Putrinya yang bernama Ni Nyoman Candri, juga menjadi penari profesional dalam bidang dramatari Ada, Janger, Calonarang, dan sekarang bekerja dibagian siaran Keluarga Kesenian Bali Radio Republik Indonesia Stasiun Denpasar. Kredek adalah salah seorang seniman yang telah berhasil membangun dasar yang kuat untuk seni pertunjukan di Bali, khususnya Ada, Barong untuk pertunjukan wisata, dan Janger. Atas dedikasi dan kemampuannya itu, ia telah menerima berbagai penghargaan seperti penghargaan Wija Kusuma dari Bupati Kepala Daerah Tingkat I1 Gianyar (1981), Piagam Dharma Kusuma dari Gubernur Kepala Daerah Tingkat I Bali (1982). Hadiah Seni dari Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia (1988). Dia juga menerima penghargaan dari Menteri Pariwisata, Seni dan Budaya Republik Indonesia (1998), dan Piagam Adhikarya Seni dari Gubernur Kepala Daerah Tingkat I Bali (1998). Selain itu, atas dedikasi dan pengabdiannya sebagai penari istana, ia telah menerima hadiah berupa benda-benda seni, yaitu sebuah topeng dalem dari raja Bangli, topeng tua dan topeng keras dari raja Klungkung, dan gelungan bans, mahkota untuk tari Baris dari raja Gianyar. Paparan kehidupan, karya, dan pemikiran I Made Kredek merupakan interpretasi terhadap gagasan atau konsepsinya dalam Seni Pertunjukan Bali. Biografi Kredek ini ditulis untuk kepentingan dokumentasi dan membantu generasi muda memahami apa yang telah dilakukan oleh Kredek dalam melestarikan dan mengembangkan Seni Pertunjukan Bali melalui bidang dan keahliannya.

The purpose of this study is to comprehend Balinese Performing Arts through the life experience, creation, and the thoughts of I Made Kredek, a renowned artist from Bali. During his life time, this multi talented artist established reputation as a prominent dancer, who masters the classical Balinese Dance and Drama, such as Arja, Topeng, Bans, Janger, Barong Kuntisraya, Joged Pingitan, Gambuh, and Calonarang. Whilst active teaching in many villages around Bali, Kredek still manages to study the Balinese literature as well as enhancing his understanding towards spiritual magic, a knowledge needed to be familiarized in order to protect himself as a dancer whenever involved in a magical performances such as Calonarang, Balian Batur, and others. When tourism just beginning to flourish in Bali, a couple of artists in Singapadu have planned to exhibit a special performance as tourist attraction. In response to that, Kredek came up with the idea of a performance known as Kuntisraya, that involves the barong and rangda as the central characters in the drama. Kredek was the playmaker for the drama and the first dancer to play the role of Sahadewa, the youngest of the Five Pandawa’s brother. The creation still one of the most popular tourist attractions in recent time in Bali. Kredek’s dance style especially in Arja, Janger, and Barong Kuntisraya is still preserved by his family and students. Many of the groups that have been thought during his lifetime still exist until to the present time and plenty of his students became profesional dancers and many have won competitions held by the the government of Bali. He was born in 1906 from a father, a traditional architect (undagz) and a mother that expert in the literature and usadha (traditional medicine). He has two children, all following his steps in becoming very well known dancers. His son I Made Bandem earned his Doctor of Philosophy degree in Ethnomusicology from Wesleyan University, USA and currently is the Rector of the Indonesia Institute of the Arts in Yogyakarta. In the other hand, his daughter NI Nyoman Candri is a professional dancer especially in dance drama such as Arja, Janger, Calonarang that currently works at Keluarga Kesenian Bali, the Department of the Goverment Radio Station in Denpasar. As the devoted artist, Kredek has developed and established a solid foundation for the performing arts in Bali, specifically for Aia, Barong performance for tourist and Janger. For his insights and expertice he was granted awards such as Wija Kusuma Award from the Mayor of Gianyar (1981), Dharma Kusuma Award from the ‘Governor of Bali (1982), Hadiah Seni from the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia (1988). He also received an Award from the Minister of Tourism, Art and Culture (1998), and an Adhikarya Seni Award from the Governor of Bali (1998). As a palace dancer as well as for his dedication in art, he also received a special token in the form of an artifact such as topeng dalem (king mask) from the king of Bangli, topeng tua (elderly man mask) and topeng keradpatih (strong/ prime minister characters mask) from king of Klungkung, gelungan bans (crown for Baris dance) from the king of Gianyar. The writer's interpretation upon Kredek's life, thoughts, and creative work will be based on his interpretation, by finding an understanding his idea and conception about the Balinese Performing Arts and how he was able to implant his dance style to later generations that until the present time still exist and continue. The biography of I Made Kredek is written for the sake of documentation and to help younger generations to understand what this talented artist has done in preserving and developing the Balinese Performing Arts through his field and expertise

Kata Kunci : Biografi Seniman tari Bali,I Made Kredek 1906,1979