RUMANIA DALAM COUNCIL OF EUROPE PADA ISU HAM TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIK NORWEGIA: STUDI KASUS PEMISAHAN ANAK-ANAK KELUARGA BODNARIU OLEH BARNEVERNET

RIESTA PRILIA BONITA, Dr. Siti Mutiah Setiawati, MA.; Prof. Dr. Mohammad Mohtar Mas'oed; Yunizar Adiputera, M.A.

2018 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Pemisahan anak-anak keluarga Bodnariu yang berkewarganegaraan Rumania oleh Barnevernet di Norwegia pada tahun 2015 dinilai sebagai bentuk pelanggaran terhadap norma-norma hak asasi manusia (HAM), demokrasi, dan penegakan hukum. Upaya penyelesaian bilateral Rumania melalui dialog konstruktif terhadap institusi domestik Norwegia dipersepsikan tidak mampu menyelesaikan permasalahan keluarga Bodraniu, dimana hal ini mendorong Rumania untuk menggunakan upaya pendekatan diplomasi regional. Oleh karena itu, skripsi ini mengajukan pertanyaan utama penelitian "Bagaimana upaya pemerintah Rumania dalam penyelesaian kasus antara keluarga Bodnariu yang berkebangsaan Rumania dengan institusi Barnevernet di Norwegia pada level regional?". Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, skripsi ini menggunakan landasan konseptual 'Rezim Internasional (International Regimes)', dimana rezim institusi regional CoE dianggap dapat memberikan keputusan yang mengikat secara hukum berdasarkan norma HAM, prinsip demokrasi, dan penegakan hukum yang adil. Terdapat dua prinsip konsep Rezim Internasional, yaitu (1) fasilitasi penyelesaian masalah melalui kerangka mekanisme CoE untuk mempengaruhi kebijakan Barnevernet; (2) validasi kepentingan negara-negara anggota dan non-anggota dalam CoE dimana keputusan hukum yang mengikat menjadi basis intervensi konstruktif pada penyelesaian permasalahan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pendekatan regional pemerintah Rumania yang mengedepankan kekuatan normatif lebih berpengaruh pada penyelesaian permasalahan keluarga Bodraniu, khususnya dalam mengubah keputusan Barnevernet untuk memulangkan anak-anak keluarga Bodnariu dan menghentikan semua tuntutan hukumnya, dimana hal ini dapat dilihat secara konkret melalui mosi 'Striking a balance between the best interest of the child and the need to keep the families together' dan resolusi No. 13971 yang diterbitkan Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development, CoE.

In 2015 the removal of Bodnariu's children conducted by Barnevernet in Norway was judged as a violation of norms related to human rights, democracy, and rule of law. Romania on their bilateral dispute settlement through constructive dialog toward domestic institutions in Norway was perceived to be inadequate to resolve Bodnariu's family issues, hence it encouraged Romania to act with regional diplomacy approach. Therefore, this research proposed a question about "How are the efforts of the Romanian government in settling the dispute between Bodnariu family and Barnevernet as an institution in Norway at the regional level?". To answer the question, this research applied 'International Regimes' as its conceptual framework, where regional institution's regimes of CoE has been considered to be able to create any legal binding decision based on the norms of human rights, democracy, and rule of law. There are two principles of this structural foreign policy concept, specifically (1) facilitating dispute settlement through the mechanism framework of CoE to influence Barnevernet's policy; (2) validating the interests of CoE member states where the legal binding becomes proposition to the constructive intervention within dispute settlement. This research found that regional approach of Romanian government which mainly stressing normative power was more influential to resolve Bodnariu's family issues, particularly in changing Barnevernet's decision to reunite Bodnariu's children and terminating the entire charges addressed to Bodnariu family, where this concern can be seen concretely by means of a motion, namely, 'Striking a balance between the best interest of the child and the need to keep the families together' and its resolution number 13971 established by Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development of CoE.

Kata Kunci : Rumania, Keluarga Bodnariu, Barnevernet, CoE, Rezim Internasional