"BERTAHAN HIDUP DI PULAU KECIL" Studi Ketahanan Pangan masyarakat Pulau Matutuang di Kepulauan Sangihe

HAPSA, Dr. Bambang Hudayana., M.A.

2018 | Tesis | MAGISTER ANTROPOLOGI

Tesis ini membahas tentang strategi ketahanan pangan masyarakat pulau kecil dalam menghadapi keterbatasan yang ada. Meskipun ketersediaan pangan di pulau sifatnya terbatas, namun masyarakat mampu mengelolanya dengan berbekal kearifan lokal yang mereka miliki untuk mencukupi kebutuhan mereka. Strategi strategi lain juga dilakukan agar mereka tetap bertahan di tengah keterbatasan. Studi ini saya lakukan di Pulau Matutuang, Kecamatan Kepulauan Marore, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara. Pulau Matutuang masuk ke dalam gugusan pulau pulau kecil yang ada di Kepuluan Sangihe. Selain itu, Pulau Matutuang juga masuk ke dalam wilayah perbatasan bagian utara antara Indonesia dan Philipina. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dan data yang disajikan bersifat deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi partisipasi, dokumentasi dan wealth ranking. Selanjutnya membuat kategorisasi dan verifikasi data yang ada, kemudian menganalisis data tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa masyarakat Pulau Matutuang memiliki strategi strategi dalam menghadapi keterbatasan yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan pangan. Strategi strategi yang dilakukan diantaranya mencari wilayah tangkapan baru, mengolah singkong berbekal pengetahuan lokal, bercocok tanam di tanah orang, dan memaksimalkan fungsi kapal. Pangan yang sifatnya terbatas kemudian mampu mencukupi kebutuhan masyarakat. 2 Hal ini kemudian membuat konsep ketahanan pangan tidak bisa diukur secara statis berdasarkan parameter yang selama ini digunakan.

This thesis is discussing about the strategy of food security by the community in small islands in facing the existing limitations/boundaries. Even though the food security in the island area is characterized by its limitations, however, the community is able to manage it through their knowledge of local wisdom in attempts of fulfilling their needs. The other strategies also implemented in order for them to survive in the middle of their limitations. This study was conducted by the author in Matutuang Island, Marore Islands District, Sangihe Islands Regency of North Sulawesi. The Matutuang Island is included in the small islands cluster located at Sangihe Islands. In addition, Matutuang Island also included in the northern boundaries between Indonesia and Philippines. The method used is a qualitative research method and the presented data are in a descriptive type. Interview, participatory observation, documentation, and wealth ranking were the data collecting techniques that being implemented. The following steps were arranging categorization and verification on the available data which later being analyzed. According to the research results, it has been found that the community of Matutuang Islands conceives strategies in facing the limitations associated with the food issues. The implemented strategies include the exploration/search for a new catching/fishing area, production of cassava in accordance with the local knowledge, perform farming activities in farm of people, and the maximum utilization of boat function. Therefore, the limited foods are able to fulfill the community needs. These conditions are resulting in the concept of food security which found unable to be measured statistically by referring to the parameters that have been used until present.

Kata Kunci : Stretegi, Ketahanan Pangan, Pulau Kecil