EFEKTIVITAS DISTRIBUSI LOGISTIK KEMANUSIAAN (Studi Kasus Bencana Tanah Longsor di Banjarnegara)

TRI SETYA BUDI, Dewanti; Imam Muthohar

2018 | Tesis | Magister Sistem dan Teknik Transportasi

Tanah longsor merupakan bencana yang paling sering terjadi di Banjarnegara. Kondisi geografis yang bergunung menyebabkan keterbatasan akses dan kondisi jalan yang sempit. Hal itu menjadi salah satu kendala distribusi logistik kemanusiaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pelaku dibidang logistik kemanusiaan, menganalisis tingkat efektivitas distribusi logistik sekaligus menggali faktor-faktor yang yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan cara wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi pelaku dan kejadian bencana tanah longsor, dari kejadian Bencana Jemblung pada Desember 2014 sampai bencana yang terjadi akhir tahun 2017. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap 15 narasumber kunci yang berperan dalam distribusi logistik. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis kategori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BPBD, Dinas Sosial dan PMI merupakan pelaku utama di bidang logistik kemanusiaan. Hasil penilaian efektivitas distribusi diperoleh skala cukup efektif. Terdapat kelemahan dalam kehandalan dan keamanan/keselamatan (dalam hal ini pergudangan). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas distribusi logistik diketahui sebagai berikut : sasaran/korban, jenis dan jumlah logistik/cakupan, waktu respon, keamanan/keselamatan, jarak tempuh, kehandalan, koordinasi dan kearifan lokal. Kearifan lokal menjadi faktor baru yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini. Faktor kearifan lokal terdiri dari sub tema gotong-royong, perasaan senasib, pendekatan agama dan partisipasi aktif masyarakat. Terdapat kendala yang harus diatasi pemerintah antara lain gudang yang representatif, Standar Operating Procedure (SOP) yang mengatur distribusi logistik secara khusus maupun penanggulangan bencana secara umum, minimnya link ruas jalan dan Pusat Pengendalian Operasi Penanggulangan Bencana (Pusdalop PB).

Landslides are the most frequent disaster happened in Banjarnegara. The mountainous geographical condition causes limited access and narrow road conditions. It has become one of obstacles in humanitarian logistics distribution. This study aims to determine the actors in the field of humanitarian logistics distribution, to analyze the effectiveness of logistics distribution, and to explore the factors that influence the effectiveness of logistics distribution. The research was conducted qualitatively by doing interview, observation and documentation of the actors involved and the incidents of landslide disaster, from Jemblung disaster incident in December 2014 up to other incidents at the end of 2017. Interview was conducted on 15 key informants who play roles in logistic distribution. Data obtained were analyzed by category analysis. The results show that BPBD, Dinas Sosial and PMI are the main actors in the field of humanitarian logistics. The result of the effectiveness assessment of the distribution is on the scale of moderately effective. There are weaknesses in reliability and security/safety (in this case is on warehousing). Factors affecting the effectiveness of logistics distribution are: target/victims, type and number of logistics/coverage, response time, security/safety, distance, reliability, coordination and local wisdom. Local wisdom becomes a new factor found in this study. Factors of local wisdom consist of sub themes of mutual assistance, sense of destiny, religious approach and active participation of the community. There are obstacles to be overcome by the government, such as representative warehouses, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) that regulate logistics distribution in particular and disaster management in general, the lack of road links and the Center for Disaster Mitigation Operations Control (Pusdalop PB).

Kata Kunci : Logistik kemanusiaan, NETS, distribusi, efektivitas