Pengembangan Model Matematis dan Kecerdasan Buatan pada Perancangan Pneumatic Recirculation Conveying Dryer untuk Proses Pengeringan Pati Sagu
ABADI JADING, Dr.Ir. Nursigit Bintoro, M.Sc; Prof.Dr.Ir. Lilik Sutiarso, M.Eng; Dr. Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi, S.TP, M.Eng
2018 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Teknik PertanianPneumatic Conveying Dryer (PCD) telah banyak digunakan untuk pengolahan bahan pangan, termasuk bahan pati, seperti pati sagu. Namun demikian, untuk mengeringkan pati sagu membutuhkan waktu tinggal (residence time) bahan yang lebih lama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan PCD dengan menambah residence time bahan untuk pengeringan pati sagu, dengan memprediksi kadar air output, koefisien pindah panas, kapasitas output, rendemen, fineness modulus, dan color difference bahan (pati sagu). Melakukan analisis pola distribusi suhu dan kecepatan udara pengering, melakukan analisis kinerja (kebutuhan energi, efisiensi pemanasan dan pengeringan, kapasitas output dan rendemen bahan) PCD hasil pengembangan, dan melakukan analisis mutu (komposisi kimia, fineness modulus, dan perubahan warna) pati sagu kering hasil pengeringan dengan PCD hasil pengembangan. Pengembangan PCD untuk menambah residence time bahan dilakukan dengan resirkulasi bahan secara kontinyu menggunakan model matematis analisis dimensi dan model Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST). Pengaruh pengembangan PCD tersebut terhadap pola distribusi suhu dan kecepatan udara pengering, kinerja pengering, dan mutu pati kering dilakukan menggunakan analisis Computational Fluids Dynamic (CFD), analisis matematis, dan statistik (ANOVA one way). Hasil pengembangan PCD dengan resirkulasi bahan secara kontinyu untuk pengeringan pati sagu skala kecil (12 kg/jam atau 120 kg/proses), menggunakan pipa vertikal yang cukup pendek yaitu 7,8 m atau kurang dari 10 m, dengan residence time bahan selama 600-1200 s atau 10-20 menit, mampu menurunkan kadar air pati sagu dari 41% wb menjadi 9,107% wb atau kurang dari 13% wb sesuai Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 3729, 2008. Selain itu, model yang dihasilkan sangat akurat memprediksi nilai kadar air output, koefisien pindah panas, kapasitas output, rendemen, Fineness Modulus, dan color difference pati sagu, sebab mendekati nilai observasi pada PCD dengan resirkulasi bahan secara kontinyu. Selain itu, tidak mempengaruhi perubahan suhu dan kecepatan udara pengering yang digunakan untuk proses pengeringan pati sagu. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pola distribusi suhu dan kecepatan udara pengering merata secara baik, tidak berbeda dengan suhu hasil observasi, dan mampu menurunkan kadar air pati sagu sesuai SNI 3729, 2008. Memiliki nilai unjuk kerja (performance) cukup tinggi dengan konsumsi energi yang rendah yaitu 600 kJ, efisiensi pemanasan, efisiensi pengeringan, kapasitas output dan rendemen pati sagu cukup tinggi yaitu 76,73%, 8,43%, 0,0017 kg/s, dan 67,88%. Serta tidak mempengaruhi mutu bahan pati sagu kering, dimana komposisi kimia, Fineness Modulus, diameter, persentase kehalusan, dan warna bahan (color difference, dan derajat putih) yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar mutu SNI 3729, 2008. Oleh karena itu, model resirkulasi bahan secara kontinyu sangat layak digunakan untuk pengembangan rancangan PCD skala besar.
The use of a pneumatic conveying dryer (PCD) is common in the food processing, including the starch, as sago starch. However, to let those starch dry which require a very long residence time. This research aimed to develop the PCD with added the materials residence time for sago starch drying, with predicted the moisture content, the heat transfer coefficient, the output capacity, the rendement, the fineness modulus, and the color difference of materials (sago starch). To do an analysis of the temperature distribution pattern and drying air velocity, to do an analysis of performance (an energy utilization, the efficiency of heating and drying, output capacity, and the rendement of materials) the PCD development, and to do an analysis of the quality (chemical composition, fineness modulus, and color change) of sago starch dry of drying from PCD development. The develop of PCD for added the materials residence time to doing with continuous material recirculation used mathematical model dimensional analysis, and artificial neural network (ANN) model. The effect of the mentioned of PCD development, on the temperature distribution pattern and drying air velocity, performance of dryer, and quality of dried sago starch, was conducted used Computational Fluids Dynamic (CFD) analysis, mathematical analysis, and statistic (one way ANOVA). Result of PCD development with add the materials residence time for sago starch drying small scale (12 kg/jam or 120 kg/process), used of pipe vertical adequate short, i.e 7.8 m or less then of 10 m, with the materials residence time during 600-1200 second or 10-20 minute, be able to reduced moisture content of sago starch from 41% wb to 9.107% wb or less then of 13% appropriate Indonesian Quality Standard (SNI) 3729, 2008. In addition, the model obtain, very accurate to predicted of value the moisture content, the heat transfer coefficient, the output capacity, the rendement, the fineness modulus, and the color difference of sago starch, because of closed by observation value on PCD with continuous material recirculation. In addition, not effected of the changed temperature and drying air velocity used for process of sago starch drying. The value of simulation, which indicated that the pattern of temperature distribution and drying air velocity was well be spread evenly, did not a difference with value of temperature observation, and capable to reduced sago starch moisture content appropriate SNI 3729,2008. They have value of performance enough high with low energy utilization, i.e. 600 kJ, the efficiency of heating, the efficiency of drying, output capacity, and the rendement of sago starch was high enough, i.e. 76.73%, 8.43%, 0.0017 kg/s, and 67.88%. As soon as did not affect the quality of the dry sago starch, where the chemical compotition, fineness modulus, diameter, and fineness percentage, and color of the material (color difference, and white degree) produced had met the quality standard SNI 3729, 2008. Therefore, the model of continuous materials recirculation, it was highly feasible used to develop design on PCD large scale.
Kata Kunci : Analisis dimensi, computational fluid dynamic, jaringan syaraf tiruan, pengeringan, pneumatic conveying dryer, pati sagu, resirkulasi/Dimensional analysis, computational fluid dynamics, artificial neural network, drying, pneumatic conveying dryer, recircu