Studi Kualitatif Manajemen Kegiatan Penanggulangan Gizi pada Fase Prabencana di Kawasan Rawan Bencana Erupsi Gunung Merapi

DIAH AYU R, Dr. Siti Helmyati, DCN., M.Kes; Yayuk Hartriyanti, SKM., M.Kes

2018 | Skripsi | S1 GIZI KESEHATAN

Latar Belakang: Bencana seringkali menimbulkan permasalahan, diantaranya pada bidang gizi. Penanggulangan fase prabencana diperlukan untuk mengurangi risiko serta dampak bencana, terlebih untuk daerah rawan bencana seperti Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Ancaman bencana terbesar DIY adalah erupsi Gunung Merapi. Tujuan: Mempelajari dan menganalisis pelaksanaan manajemen kegiatan penanggulangan gizi pada fase prabencana di kawasan rawan erupsi Gunung Merapi. Metode: Penggalian data penelitian dilakukan melalui in depth interview dengan petugas BPBD DIY, Dinas Kesehatan DIY, Tagana DIY, Dinas Kesehatan Sleman, Puskesmas Cangkringan, dan Puskesmas Ngemplak II; FGD dengan warga Dusun Kaliadem dan Dusun Jambu, serta observasi. Hasil: Pembahasan data penelitian dibagi menjadi: input, proses, dan output. Input kegiatan secara umum sudah cukup memadai, pelimpahan tugas dan wewenang kegiatan sudah jelas, pedoman penyelenggaraan kegiatan sudah tersedia, peranan masing-masing instansi sudah dijalankan sesuai sektornya, sarana dan prasarana serta anggaran sudah memadai. Namun, masih ada yang perlu diperbaiki di bagian input terkait dengan sosialisasi pedoman penyelenggaraan kegiatan yang masih belum merata. Proses penyelenggaraan kegiatan dijalankan melalui beberapa tahapan: perencanaan, pengorganisasian, implementasi, serta pemantauan dan evaluasi. Masing-masing tahapan telah dijalankan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Output kegiatan berupa penyediaan data awal daerah rawan bencana, kegiatan diklat terkait gizi dalam bencana, serta penyiapan logistik gizi untuk persiapan bencana sudah terlaksana sesuai dengan pedoman yang ada, meskipun tetap perlu dilakukan evaluasi dan perbaikan pada peningkatan kapasitas tenaga gizi untuk menunjang kegiatan pelayanan gizi dalam bencana. Kesimpulan: Manajemen kegiatan penanggulangan gizi pada fase prabencana di kawasan rawan bencana erupsi Gunung Merapi sudah berjalan dengan baik karena adanya peran aktif masyarakat serta budaya gotong-royong yang masih dijalankan.

Background: Disaster often brings many impacts such as nutrition problems. Pre-disaster management plays an important role to minimize victims and impacts which are caused by the disaster. Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) as one of disaster-prone area needs to prepare for the disasters. The biggest disaster risk of this area is Mount Merapi's eruption. Objective: To explore deeply about nutrition care activities for pre-disaster management in disaster-prone area of Mount Merapi's eruption. Methods: Data of this study was gathered through several techniques: in depth interview with the team of BPBD DIY, Dinas Kesehatan DIY, Tagana DIY, Dinas Kesehatan Sleman, Puskesmas Cangkringan,and Puskesmas Ngemplak II; FGD with community in Dusun Kaliadem and Dusun Jambu; and observation. Results: Discussion of the study is divided into: 1)Inputs, 2)Processes, and 3)Outputs. Inputs of the activities has been categorized as sufficient, division of job descriptions and responsibilities among institutions has been clearly defined, protocols also have been provided, the role of each institution has been done according to its work sector, facilities and financial support have been provided in sufficient amount. Yet, socialization of the activities protocols still need to be increased to make it optimally implemented. The processes of the activities consist of planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring, and evaluation. Each process has been done according to the existing procedures. The outputs of the activities are baseline data for disaster-prone area, education and training activities related to nutrition in pre-disaster management, and preparation of food logistics and nutrition stuffs for disaster. Yet, improvement is necessary to increase the capacity of nutritionist which related to nutrition in disaster management. Conclusion: Nutrition in pre-disaster management have been well-implemented in disaster-prone area of Mount Merapi's eruption. This success will not happened without support and active responses from the community, including the local wisdom in the form of community self-help which still exist among them.

Kata Kunci : manajemen, penanggulangan gizi, prabencana, Merapi