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PENGARUH APLIKASI GEL KITOSAN TULANG CUMI-CUMI (Loligo sp.) 3% TERHADAP JUMLAH NEUTROFIL PADA PENYEMBUHAN LUKA GINGIVA (kajian in vivo pada Sprague dawley)

MILLATINA EVA FITRIA, drg. Kwartarini Murdiastuti, PhD., Sp.Perio(K); drg. Sri Pramestri Lastianny, MS., Sp.Perio(K)

2018 | Skripsi | S1 PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Jaringan gingiva yang mengalami luka secara fisiologis akan mengalami proses penyembuhan. Fase inflamasi dalam proses penyembuhan luka ditandai dengan adanya infiltrasi sel-sel inflamasi seperti neutrofil menuju daerah luka. Proses penyembuhan luka dapat dipercepat dengan mengaplikasikan bahan-bahan alami misalnya kitosan yang berasal dari tulang cumi-cumi (Loligo sp.). Gugus N-acetyl-D-glucosamine pada struktur kitosan mampu meningkatkan aktivasi dan perekrutan neutrofil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi gel kitosan tulang cumi-cumi 3% terhadap jumlah neutrofil pada penyembuhan luka gingiva Sprague dawley. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari dua puluh tujuh ekor tikus Sprague dawley jantan yang diberi perlukaan pada gingiva labial insisivus sentralis rahang bawah dengan punch biopsy. Subjek dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok: kelompok perlakuan diberi gel kitosan tulang cumi-cumi (Loligo sp.) 3%, kelompok kontrol positif diberi Aloclair�® dan kelompok kontrol negatif diberi CMC-Na 2%. Aplikasi dilakukan secara topikal dua kali sehari selama satu menit. Tikus dari setiap kelompok dikorbankan pada hari ke-1, 3 dan 5 setelah perlukaan masing-masing tiga ekor. Jaringan luka diambil untuk dibuat preparat histologis dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin. Jumlah neutrofil diamati dan dihitung menggunakan mikroskop cahaya yang dilengkapi dengan Optilab Viewer. Data pengamatan dianalisis dengan uji ANAVA dua jalur dan post hoc LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna rerata jumlah neutrofil antara kelompok perlakuan dengan kontrol negatif. Disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi gel kitosan tulang cumi-cumi (Loligo sp.) 3% dapat menurunkan jumlah neutrofil pada penyembuhan luka gingiva Sprague dawley.

Physiologically, injuries on gingival tissue leads to a healing process. Inflammatory phase of wound healing process is characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as neutrophil to the wound site. Wound healing process can be accelerated by natural medicine application such as chitosan extracted from squid pen (Loligo sp.). N-acetyl-D-glucosamine group of chitosan structure can accelerate wound healing process by increasing neutrophil activation and recruitment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3% squid pen chitosan gel application on neutrophils number on gingival wound healing process in Sprague dawley rats. The subjects consisted of twenty seven male Sprague dawley rats that were given injury on labial region of mandibular central incisor gingiva by punch biopsy. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups: treatment group received 3% squid pen (Loligo sp.) chitosan gel, positive control group received Aloclair�® and the negative control group received CMC-Na 2%. All materials were applicated twice a day for one minute topically. Euthanasia was done to three rats from each group on 1st, 3rd and 5th day post injury. The damaged tissue was taken and processed into histological specimen and stained with Haematoxylin Eosin. Neutrophils count were observed under a light microscope which equipped with Optilab Viewer. The data was analyzed statistically with two way ANOVA and post hoc LSD. The result showed that there were significant differences of neutrophils count in treatment group compared to the negative control group. In conclusion, 3% squid pen (Loligo sp.) chitosan gel application could decrease neutrophils count on gingival wound healing process in Sprague dawley rats.

Kata Kunci : Tulang Cumi-cumi (Loligo sp.), Neutrofil, Penyembuhan Luka


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