AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA DAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN GULMA SIAM (Chromolaena odorata) MELALUI INHIBISI ENZIM ALFA GLUKOSIDASE

NUR F ELFRITA, Dr. Endang Astuti, M.Si.;Dr. Bambang Purwono, M.Sc.

2017 | Skripsi | S1 KIMIA

Telah dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antidiabetes ekstrak n-heksana dan ekstrak etanol daun Chromolaena odorata dengan menghambat aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase dan penentuan tipe inhibitor terhadap aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase. Penelitian ini diawali dengan dilakukan ekstraksi metabolit sekunder dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana dan etanol 96% secara berturutturut. Kandungan metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada ekstrak n-heksana (EH) dan ekstrak etanol 96% (EE) dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan cara uji fitokimia menggunakan metode uji warna. Enzim α-glukosidase diisolasi dari beras lapuk dan dilakukan pemurnian parsial dengan pengendapan menggunakan ammonium sulfat dan dilanjutkan dengan dialisis. Enzim α-glukosidase yang telah murni diuji aktivitas dan ditentukan kinetika reaksi enzimatisnya. Pengujian aktivitas penghambatan metabolit sekunder Chromolaena odorata yang bersifat non polar dan polar terhadap enzim α-glukosidase dilakukan dengan menentukan persentase inhibisi serta tipe inhibitornya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana (EH) dengan rendemen 2,92% mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid sedangkan ekstrak etanol 96% (EE) dengan rendemen 10,15% mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, terpenoid, dan saponin. Pemurnian parsial enzim α-glukosidase mampu meningkatkan aktivitas enzim sebesar 0,23 U/mL. Metabolit sekunder yang bersifat polar (EE) menunjukkan persentase inhibisi aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase paling besar yaitu 56,77% pada konsentrasi 100 mg/L, sedangkan persentase inhibisi metabolit sekunder non polar (EH) adalah 3,92% pada konsentrasi 100 mg/L. Metabolit sekunder yang bersifat polar merupakan inhibitor non kompetitif.

The antidiabetic activity of n-hexane extract and Chromolaena odorata leaf ethanol extract was done by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzyme activity and determining the type of inhibitor on α-glucosidase enzyme activity. This research was started with secondary metabolite extraction by maceration method using nhexane solvent and ethanol 96% respectively. The content of secondary metabolites found in n-hexane extract (EH) and ethanol extract 96% (EE) was analyzed qualitatively by phytochemical test using color test method. The α- glucosidase enzyme was isolated from the weathered rice and the partial purification was done by precipitation using ammonium sulfate and followed by dialysis. The purified α-gluosidase enzyme is tested for activity and determined the kinetics of its enzymatic reaction. The testing of inhibitory activity of secondary metabolite Chromolaena odorata with non polar and polar characteristic against α-glucosidase enzyme was performed by determining the percentage of inhibition and the type of inhibitor. The results showed that the extract of n-hexane (EH) with a yield of 2.92% contained flavonoid compounds while ethanol extract 96% (EE) with yield of 10.15% contained alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, terpenoid, and saponin compounds. Partial purification of enzyme α-glucosidase can increase enzyme activity of 0,23 U/mL. The polar secondary metabolite (EE) showed the largest percentage of inhibition of enzyme activity of α-glucosidase which was 56.77% at concentrations of 100 mg/L, whereas the percentage of non-polar secondary metabolite inhibition (EH) was 3.92% at concentrations of 100 mg/L. Polar secondary metabolites are non-competitive inhibitors.

Kata Kunci : ekstrak n-heksana,ekstrak etanol,enzim α-glukosidase,aktivitas,inhibisi