Pengelolaan Jasa Ekosistem Mangrove Berdasarkan Persepsi Masyarakat dalam Pengurangan Risiko Bencana di Wilayah Pesisir Kota Pekalongan

TIARA SARASTIKA, Dr. Rika Harini, M.P. ; Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Muh Aris Marfai, M.Sc.

2017 | Tesis | S2 Geografi

Wilayah pesisir Kota Pekalongan memiliki potensi ekosistem mangrove dan ancaman bencana berupa banjir rob, banjir luapan sungai, erosi laut, pasang surut, dan angin badai. Ekosistem mangrove memiliki berbagai jasa ekosistem, yaitu jasa penyedia, jasa pendukung, jasa kebudayaan, dan jasa pengaturan. Respon ekosistem mangrove terhadap ancaman bencana di pesisir antara lain meredam laju gelombang dan erosi pantai, menahan angin badai, menahan luapan air rob dan banjir sungai, menangkap sedimen, menstabilkan iklim mikro dan mengendalikan iklim global. Keberadaan jasa ekosistem mangrove ini mampu melindungi obyek di sekitarnya, yaitu permukiman dan tambak. Pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap jasa ekosistem akan memengaruhi persepsi dan sikap dalam pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di wilayah pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mengidentifikasi persebaran dan karakteristik ekosistem mangrove yang terdapat di pesisir Kota Pekalongan, (2) menganalisis persepsi masyarakat terhadap jasa ekosistem mangrove di pesisir Kota Pekalongan, (3) menghitung besar total economic value (TEV) jasa pengaturan ekosistem mangrove di pesisir Kota Pekalongan, dan (4) menganalisis strategi pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove dalam pengurangan risiko bencana di pesisir Kota Pekalongan. Data primer yang digunakan diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara sedangkan data sekunder melalui instansi terkait. Analisis spasial dan deskriptif, baik secara kualitatif maupun kuantitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis berbagai data tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persebaran mangrove di wilayah pesisir Kota Pekalongan berada di sepanjang pantai, di tepi sungai, di sekeliling tambak, dan di Pusat Informasi Mangrove. Pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap jasa pendukung termasuk kategori rendah, pengetahuan terhadap jasa penyedia dan jasa pengaturan termasuk kategori sedang, sedangkan pengetahuan kategori tinggi dimiliki masyarakat terhadap jasa kebudayaan ekosistem mangrove. Besarnya TEV jasa pengaturan ekosistem mangrove yaitu sejumlah 10,207 triliun rupiah untuk penggunaan lahan berupa permukiman, sedangkan untuk perikanan tambak sebesar 5,513 triliun rupiah. Strategi pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove yang menjadi prioritas utama adalah mengembangkan potensi mangrove untuk kawasan konservasi dan kawasan wisata.

Pekalongan City coastal area has mangrove ecosystem potency and the threat such as tidal flooding, river overflow flooding, erosion, tides, and wind storms. Mangrove ecosystem services are divided into provisioning services, supporting services, cultural services, and regulating services. Mangrove ecosystem responses to the threat of disasters in coastal areas include reducing speed of wave and coastal erosion, withstanding storms, capturing sediments, stabilizing microclimate, and controlling global climate. The existence of mangrove ecosystem services were able to protect objects, there are settlements and ponds. Society's knowledge about ecosystem services will influence the perception and attitude toward mangrove ecosystem management in coastal area. The aim of this research are (1) identify distribution and characteristics of mangrove ecosystem in Pekalongan City coastal area, (2) analyze the society's perception about mangrove ecosystem services in Pekalongan City coastal area, (3) assess the economic value of mangrove ecosystem regulating services in Pekalongan City coastal area, and (4) analyze the mangrove ecosystem management strategies related to disaster risk reduction in Pekalongan City coastal area. Primary data collected by observation and interviews, while secondary data was collected through the related agencies. Spatial and descriptive analysis, such as qualitative and quantitative descriptive were used to analize this dataset. The result show that the mangrove ecosystem in the coastal area of Pekalongan City is distributed along the coast, fishpond banks, river banks, and the Pusat Information Mangrove (Mangrove Information Center). The society's knowledge level about the provisioning services is low, supporting services and regulating services are in medium level, while the cultural services is included in high level. The economic value of mangrove ecosystem regulating services is IDR 10,207 trillion for settlements and IDR 5,513 trillion for fishponds. The priority strategy of mangrove ecosystem management is developing the potential of mangrove to be conservation area and tourism area.

Kata Kunci : jasa ekosistem, mangrove, pengurangan risiko bencana, total economic value / ecosystem services, mangrove, disaster risk reduction, economic valuation