ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN ZONA KHUSUS MITIGASI DAN REKONSTRUKSI DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG MERAPI (Studi Kasus Pemanfaatan Pasir di Kawasan Kali Putih)

INTAN PUSPITASARI, Teguh Yuwono, S.Hut., M.Sc.; Dr.Ir. Lies Rahayu Wijayanti Faida, M.P.3

2017 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Pengelolaan taman nasional diatur melalui peraturan perundang-undangan. Peraturan perundang-undangan disusun dan diimplementasikan untuk mencapai tujuan pengelolaan. Zona Khusus Mitigasi dan Rekonstruksi di Kawasan Kali Putih Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (TNGM) dikelola untuk mitigasi bencana banjir lahar dingin berbahan utama pasir hasil erupsi Gunung Merapi. Pasir merupakan barang tambang yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat sejak tahun 70an, dan saat ini menjadi sumber penghasilan utama bagi masyarakat. Akan tetapi, pemanfaatan pasir tersebut dilakukan di kawasan taman nasional. Sementara itu, pada tahap awal penanganan yang melibatkan instansi multisektoral, disinyalir kebijakan sektoral saat ini belum sinergis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sinergisitas kebijakan antar sektoral dan implementasi kebijakan kasus pemanfaatan pasir di Zona Khusus Mitigasi dan Rekonstruksi TNGM. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian hukum normatif-empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif terkait kebijakan pengelolaan hutan. Penelitian hukum normatif dianalisis dengan penelitian inventarisasi hukum positif, penelitian asas-asas hukum, dan penelitian sinkronisasi. Sementara itu, penelitian hukum empiris dengan menggunakan desain penelitian studi kasus melalui wawancara mendalam dan pengamatan berpartisipasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat ketidaksinergisan kebijakan terkait kawasan yang diperbolehkan untuk kegiatan penambangan yaitu PP 38 tahun 2011 tentang Sungai pasal 21 dan SK Ditjen Geologi dan SDM No. 079.K/42.04/DJG/2003 tentang Pedoman Teknis Penambangan Bahan Galian Golongan C di Daerah Rawan Bencana Gunung Merapi. Sementara itu, terkait implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan zona khusus terdapat ketidaksesuaian yaitu Balai TNGM membiarkan kegiatan penambangan ilegal oleh masyarakat dengan syarat atas dasar kemanusiawian, belum terpasangnya pal batas zona, koordinasi antar pihak terkait baru akan dilakukan, dan pemberian izin oleh Balai TNGM atas kegiatan perawatan sabo dam masih dirasa sulit oleh BBWWSSO.

National park management is regulated by regulation and legislation. The regulation dan legislation are made and implemented to achieve national park management goals. Mitigation and Reconstruction Specific Zone in Kali Putih area, Gunung Merapi National Park (TNGM) is managed for disaster mitigation such as debris flow which is the main material is sand as a result of Gunung Merapi eruption. Sand which is also mining material has long been taken advantages by local community since 1970s and it has become the main living for them. However, the mining activity at present time is carried out in the National Park area. In the meantime, the initial solution that was already taken involving multisectoral agencies, is suspected that the current sectoral policy not in synergy yet. This research is aimed at identifying the synergy of inter-agencies policy and also to find out how the policy be implemented in sand mining case study. The method of research that is being used is normative-empiric law research with qualitative approach. Normative law research is analysed by using positive law inventaritation, basics of law, and syncrhronization. Meanwhile, empiric law research is conducted by using case study research design through in-depth interview and participated observation. The analyses result suggests that there are some finding of in-harmonization of policy related to the area where mining activity is allowed those are Government Regulation No.38 of 2011 on River article 21 and Letter of Directorate General of Geology and SDM No.079.K/42.04/DJG/2003 on C part mining activity technical guidance in Merapi Disaster-Prone Areas. Meanwhile, refering to the implementation of specific zone of the management policy, it is discovered there are some in-harmonization between implementation and the applying rule, those are TNGM allowing the ilegal mining activity by local community by condition based on humanity, boundary pole areas is not set yet, stakeholders coordination have just begin, and TNGM allowing sabo dam maintenance but still in difficulty for BBWSSO.

Kata Kunci : Pengelolaan Zona Khusus Mitigasi dan Rekonstruksi TNGM, Pemanfaatan Pasir oleh masyarakat, Ketidaksinergisan Kebijakan, Implementasi;Mitigation and Reconstruction Specific Zone TNGM Management, Mining Activity by Local Community, Policy in-harmonization,