KAJIAN PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PERMUKIMAN KUMUH BANTARAN SUNGAI STUDI KASUS SUNGAI KUIN KOTA BANJARMASIN

AHMAD YUSUF RIDHO, Prof. Dr. Su Ritohardoyo, M.A;Dr. Rini Rachmawati, M.T

2017 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Permasalahan sampah yang menjadi sumber pencemar terbesar untuk sungai-sungai di Kota Banjarmasin berkaitan dengan keberadaan permukiman kumuh di tepi sungai, karena indikasi sumber sampah tersebut berasal dari permukiman kumuh di tepi sungai. Penelitian bertujuan untuk; (1) Mengkaji sistem pengelolaan sampah yang digunakan di permukiman kumuh; (2) Menganalisa kondisi sungai dan kondisi masyarakat dalam mengelola sampah di sekitar di permukiman tepi Sungai Kuin; (3) Mengkaji strategi dan kebijakan pemerintah dalam menyikapi permasalahan sampah di permukiman kumuh di bantaran Sungai Kuin; (4) Mengevaluasi sistem pengelolaan sampah yang digunakan; (5) Merumuskan sistem pengelolaan sampah yang sesuai dengan permukiman di tepi sungai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengelolaan sampah pada permukiman kumuh bantaran Sungai terdiri dari; pengumpulan, pengangkutan, pembuangan ke tempat pembuangan sementara; dan pemusnahan ke tempat pembuangan akhir. Masih ada warga membuang sampah ke sungai, dan sampah membentuk tumpukan di bantaran Sungai Kuin. Dampak kondisi lingkungan yang diakibatkan sampah, yaitu merusak estetika Sungai Kuin, kadar oksigen terlarut yang rendah sebesar 4,77 Mg/L, memberikan pengaruh terhadap kehidupan biota air. Dampak terhadap sosial masyarakat yaitu lebih kepada pandangan masyarakat yang tidak perduli dengan lingkungan sekitar, Sungai Kuin yang merupakan tempat wisata cagar budaya, dan religi dapat menjadi sepi kunjungan, karena estetika sungai yang buruk. Perencanaan pengelolaan oleh pemerintah Kota Banjarmasin, yaitu mendirikan tempat pembuangan sementara, menambah unit Bank Sampah Induk, dan melarang mendirikan bangunan rumah di bantaran sungai. Perencanaan Pengelolaan oleh Kelurahan Kuin Utara, yaitu; mendirikan unit Bank Sampah dan menghimbau warga dan mendirikan tanda larangan. Hasil dari evaluasi sistem pengelolaan sampah yang digunakan, yaitu tidak sesuai untuk kondisi permukiman kumuh bantaran sungai. Saran pengelolaan sampah untuk permukiman, yaitu dengan melakukan pemilahan jenis sampah, pemisahan jenis sampah dalam pengumpulan dan pengangkutan, terdapat unit pengolahan sampah terpadu, dan sampah yang tidak dapat diolah diangkut menuju tempat pembuangan akhir.

A problematic case of rubbish becomes the biggest source polluting many rivers in Banjarmasin which is especially related to the slum in riparian area of Kuin River, as it is indicated that the rubbish is sourced from the slum area in river plain. This study was aimed to; (1) investigate the Solid Domestic Waste Management system carried out in slum area; (2) analyze the river and the society condition in organizing the rubbish surrounding the slum area in Riparian area of Kuin River; (3) investigate the government strategies and policies in confronting the problematic case of rubbish in slum area of Riparian area of Kuin River; (4) evaluate the applied Solid Domestic Waste Management system; (5) formulate an appropriate Solid Domestic Waste Management system for slum area in river plain. This study implemented descriptive qualitative design. According to the result of the study, Solid Domestic Waste Management in a slum area of river plain consisted of; aggregation, transportation, discarding to the temporary garbage dump, and dissolving to the last garbage dump. There were still many citizens discarding their rubbish to the river, and consequently the rubbish had formed to a mound in Riparian area of Kuin River. The rubbish finally affected badly on the environment such as damaging the aesthetic of Kuin River, dissolving a low degree of oxygen that was 4.77 Mg/L, and imposing the water ecosystem. Other effects to the social life were more to the societies view which was ignorant to their environment. Kuin River which is one of cultural and religion tourisms became less crowded of visitors due to the worse aesthetic caused by the rubbish. The plans of organization carried out by the government of Banjarmasin City were building temporary garbage dump, adding the unit of main rubbish bank (Bank Sampah Induk), and forbidding to build house or any building in river plain. The plans of organization carried out in Northern Kin District were establishing unit of Rubbish Bank, appealing the societies, and giving the prohibition sign. The result from the evaluation of Solid Domestic Waste Management system carried out was inappropriate with the condition of slum area in river plain. Some suggestions proposed for Solid Domestic Waste Management in the slum, they are, by carrying out rubbish sorting, separating the rubbish while aggregating and transporting, establishing integrated rubbish processing, and transporting the disposable rubbish to the last garbage dump.

Kata Kunci : Sungai Kuin, Pengelolaan Sampah, Permukimah Kumuh