KAJIAN KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN PERAIRAN SUNGAI WINONGO AKIBAT PEMBUANGAN LIMBAH CAIR DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

YULIANA FARKHAH, Dr. Slamet Suprayogi, M.S ; Dr. Sigit Herumurti, M.Si

2017 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Sungai Winongo menerima limbah dari kegiatan rumah tangga maupun dari kegiatan industri di sekitarnya. Hal ini memberikan dampak negatif terhadap kualitas air sungai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis jenis-jenis dan tingkat kerusakan lingkungan perairan sungai akibat limbah cair, serta merumuskan strategi pengelolaan lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dan Indeks Pencemaran. Komponen abiotic ditinjau melalui pengukuran kualitas air sungai dan menentukan status mutu air. Komponen biotic ditinjau melalui observasi vegetasi riparian dan pegukuran total coliform. Komponen culture ditinjau melalui metode in-depth interview. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai fosfat melebihi baku mutu kualitas air pada siang dan malam hari, sedangkan nilai TSS yang melebihi baku mutu kualitas air hanya pada malam hari. Status mutu air menunjukkan pada siang dan malam hari tergolong kategori cemar ringan, pengecualian hanya pada titik 5 yang tergolong cemar sedang pada malam hari. Hasil in-depth interview mendeskripsikan beberapa masyarakat masih menggunakan sungai sebagai MCK umum dan belum memadainya jumlah IPAL komunal. Strategi pengelolaan lingkungan perairan Sungai Winongo yaitu sosialisasi penggunaan MCK umum, pembuatan IPAL komunal, dan penggalakkan Festival Merti Kali.

Winongo River has polluted by household and industrial waste that reduces water quality in the river. Main objectives of this study were 1) to identify environmental impacts and environmental degradation level caused by pollution; and 2) to formulate strategies of environmental management of Winongo River environment in Yogyakarta city. Survey and Pollution Index (PI) calculation were performed. Abiotic components were analysed from river to determine the water quality and Biotic components (vegetation riparian and total coliform measurement) were also surveyed. In-depth interview was also done to understand the local culture. The results showed that phosphat value was high beyond river water standart quality in the afternoon and night, while TSS value was over the standard in the night. Water quality in the afternoon and night was slightly polluted, except point 5 which was moderately polluted. Local people are also using river as public bathing. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was also lack. The suggested strategies are socialization on using the public bathing, building communal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and promoting Merti Kali Festival.

Kata Kunci : kerusakan, sungai, limbah cair, kualitas air, strategi pengelolaan