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IDENTIFIKASI MOLEKULER VIRUS CPMMV (Cowpea mild mottle virus) PADA BENIH TANAMAN KEDELAI

UMI KULSUM, Dr. Sedyo Hartono, MP; Dr. Sri Sulandari, SU

2016 | Tesis | S2 Fitopatologi

INTISARI IDENTIFIKASI MOLEKULER COWPEA MILD MOTTLE VIRUS PADA BENIH KEDELAI UMI KULSUM 14/373724/PPN/03911 Tanaman kedelai yang memiliki nilai enokomis tinggi menghadapi kendala penurunan produktivitas akibat infeksi Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV). CPMMV dilaporkan hanya dapat ditularkan oleh serangga vektor Bemisia tabaci Genn. Sampai saat ini, penularan CPMMV sebagai virus tertular benih kedelai di Indonesia belum dilaporkan. Deteksi terhadap 7 kultivar benih kedelai di Indonesia menggunakan teknik ELISA hasilnya negatif terinfeksi CPMMV. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan metode deteksi yang tepat dan akurat untuk mendeteksi keberadaan CPMMV pada benih kedelai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penularan benih dan keberadaan CPMMV pada jaringan benih kedelai. Survey di lapangan menunjukkan adanya variasi gejala penyakit CPMMV pada tanaman kedelai, yaitu mosaik merata pada permukaan daun, mosaik disertai dengan vein clearing, nekrosis, klorosis dan daun kerdil. Berdasarkan uji RT-PCR terhadap 7 varietas, hanya sampel kedelai yang dikoleksi dari Kabupaten Malang, Provinsi Jawa Timur positif teramplifikasi menggunakan primer spesifik coat protein (CP) CPMMV. Analisa computer terhadap nukleotida dan asam amino menunjukkan isolat CPMMV asal Indonesia memiliki tingkat homologi tertinggi dengan isolat CPMMV asal Cina dan India yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 99% dan 98%. Hanya 5 dari 15 varietas menunjukkan gejala CPMMV dengan Growing-on test, yaitu diantaranya varietas Argomulyo, Baluran, Detam 1, Edamame Ryoko-J dan Edamame Ryoko-M. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa CPMMV dapat tertular melalui benih kedelai dan dapat terdeteksi pada bagian kulit benih, kotiledon dan embrio. Kata kunci: CPMMV, kedelai, molekuler, tular benih

ABSTRACT MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF COWPEA MILD MOTTLE VIRUS ON SOYBEAN SEED UMI KULSUM 14/373724/PPN/03911 Soybean as high economic value plant faced constraints declining productivity due to infection of Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV). The virus reported only transmitted by the insect vector Bemisia tabaci Genn. So far, transmission of CPMMV as seedborne virus in soybean in Indonesia is not repeorted yet. Detection of 7 cultivars of soybean seeds in Indonesia using ELISA technique show negative result of CPMMV infections. Therefore, precise and accurate detection methods are required to detect the presence of CPMMV on soybean seed. The aims of this study were to determine the seed-transmission and the presence of CPMMV in soybean seed tissues. Field survey found the variation of CPMMV disease symptoms on soybean, i.e. leaf mosaic, vein clearing, necrosis, chlorosis and leaf dwarf. Based on RT-PCR tests for 7 cultivars, only soybean samples collected from Malang, East Java Province was positively amplified using a specific primer for CPMMV coat protein (CP). Computer assisted analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed that CPMMV Indonesian isolates have higest homology to CPMMV isolated from China and India, 99% and 98%, respectively. Only five out of fifteen cultivars showed CPMMV symptoms by growing-on test including Argomulyo, Baluran, Detam 1, Edamame Ryoko-J and Edamame Ryoko-M cultivars. This study provided evidence that CPMMV is transmitted by soybean seed and could be detected on seed coat, cotyledon and embryo by RT-PCR.

Kata Kunci : CPMMV, soybean, molecular, seed transmission