KESESUAIAN LINGKUNGAN LAHAN PERTANIAN SAWAH DI DISTRIK KURIK KABUPATEN MERAUKE

IRA JULIANA BAULENGI, Prof.Dr.rer.nat. Junun Sartohadi, M.Sc. ; Dr.Dyah Rachmawati H, M.T., M.Sc

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Distrik Kurik merupakan sentra produksi padi di Kabupaten Merauke. Pemanfaatan lahan pertanian sawah di Distrik Kurik perlu dioptimalkan guna peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan jalan menuju kedaulatan pangan nasional. Optimalisasi lahan pertanian dilakukan dengan cara menilai kemampuan lahan di Distrik Kurik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui setiap karakteristik satuan bentuklahan; 2) mengevaluasi klas dan sub-klas kemampuan lahan; 3) mengetahui kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat; serta 4) menganalisis kesesuaian lingkungan lahan pertanian sawah di Distrik Kurik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei lapangan dengan pendekatan bentuklahan (landform) dan satuan lahan sebagai unit analisisnya. Klas dan sub-klas kemampuan lahan diolah dengan Software Land Classification and Landuse Planning (LCLP) untuk mengevaluasi klas dan sub klas kemampuan lahan di Distrik Kurik. Data sosial ekonomi dikumpulkan dengan wawancara mendalam (indepth interview) dan diolah dengan analisis deskriptif untuk mengetahui kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan yaitu: 1) terdapat 12 satuan bentuklahan antara lain Beting Gisik Tua Endapan Rawa Muda, Beting Gisik Tua Endapan Rawa Tua, Dataran Aluvial Pantai Endapan Aluvium, Dataran Aluvial Sungai Endapan Aluvium, Dataran Aluvial Sungai Endapan Rawa Muda, Dataran Aluvial Sungai Endapan Rawa Tua, Dataran Aluvial Sungai Endapan Sungai Tua, Dataran Aluvial-Marin Endapan Aluvium, Dataran Aluvial-Marin Endapan Rawa Muda, Dataran Banjir Endapan Aluvium, Gosong Sungai Endapan Aluvium, Rawa Belakang Endapan Rawa Muda; 2) terdapat 4 kelas kemampuan lahan yaitu klas II, III, IV dan V, dengan sub-klas kemampuan II-od (4,38%), III-od (3,37%), IV-d (55,18%), V-d (0,02%) dan V-Pd (37,05%); 3) kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat Distrik Kurik dapat ditinjau dari: kondisi keluarga petani, mata pencaharian, tenaga kerja, modal, luas lahan pertanian, suku/hak ulayat dan mekanisasi pendukung pemanfaatan lahan pertanian sawah di Distrik Kurik. 4) Distrik Kurik memiliki kesesuaian lingkungan untuk lahan pertanian sawah dengan faktor pembatas drainase sehingga perlu dibangun penampungan air disekitar areal persawahan.

Kurik district is the center of rice production in Merauke regency. The utilization of rice field farmland in Kurik District needs to be optimized in order to improve the welfare of society and the way to national food sovereignty. Optimization of farmland is done by assessing the ability of the land in Kurik District. This study aims to: 1) determine every characteristic of landform unit; 2) evaluate the class and sub-class of land capability; 3) know the socio-economic conditions; and 4) analyze the environmental suitability of farmland in the rice field of Kurik District. Research method used is field survey method with landform approach and land unit as its analysis unit. Land classification and land use planning (LCLP) software is used to evaluate the class and sub-class of land capability in Kurik distrik. Socio-economy data collected by indepth interview and processed using descriptive analysis to know the economic and social condition of the society. The results are (1) Kurik has twelve landform units: old ridge beach young marsh sediment, old ridge beach old marsh sediment, coastal alluvial plain alluvium, the alluvial plain of the river alluvium, the alluvial plain of the river sediment young swamp, the alluvial plain of the river sediment old swamp, the alluvial plain of the river sediment old stream, alluvial marine plain alluvial sediment, alluvial marine plain young swamp sediment, flood plain alluvium, point bar alluvium and back swamp young marsh sediment; (2) there are four classes of land capability which are class II, III, IV and V, with II-od (4,38%), III-od (3,37%), IV-d (55,18%), V-d (0,02%) and V-Pd (37,05%) as the sub-class; (3) Social and economic condition of society can be viewed from: conditions of farmer families, livelihood, labor, asset, farmland area, ethnic/ customary rights and supporting mechanization of farmland utilization in Kurik District (4) Kurik district has environment suitability for rice field farmland, but there is a limitation factor i.e. bad drainage so building a dam around the field is needed

Kata Kunci : Satuan Bentuklahan, Kemampuan Lahan, Analisis Software LCLP (Land Classification and Land Use Planning)