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Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan dan Keberadaan Jentik Aedes sp dengan Kejadian DBD di Kecamatan Banguntapan Kabupaten Bantul

APRIYANI, Prof. Dr. dr. Adi Heru Sutomo, M.Sc.; Dr. drh. Sitti Rahmah Umniyati, SU.

2016 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Selama dua tahun terakhir, kasus DBD tertinggi terdapat di Kabupaten Bantul yakni pada tahun 2014 sebanyak 622 kasus dan tahun 2015 sebanyak 1417 kasus. Salah satu kecamatan yang endemis DBD yaitu Kecamatan Banguntapan. Berdasarkan data Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bantul, terjadi peningkatan kasus sebanyak tiga kali lipat dari tahun 2014 ke tahun 2015 yakni 93 kasus menjadi 282 kasus. Determinan penyakit DBD adalah sanitasi lingkungan dan keberadaan jentik Aedes sp. Tujuan:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara sanitasi lingkungan dan keberadaan jentik Aedes sp dengan penyakit DBD di Kecamatan Banguntapan Kabupaten Bantul. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan case control yang mengkaji hubungan antara efek tertentu dengan faktor risiko. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2016. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian adalah 52 kelompok kasus dan 52 kelompok kontrol. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi-square alpha = 0,05 CI 95%. Hasil : Hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan kualitas TPA (p=0,003; OR=3,6; CI 1,38-9,70), pengurasan TPA (p=0,001; OR=4,09; CI 1,54-11,4), keberadaan jentik Aedes sp (p=0,000; OR=4,42; CI 1,66-12,31), keberadaan jentik di dalam rumah (p=0,019; OR=3,12; CI 1,07-9,84), keberadaan jentik di luar rumah (p=0,038; OR=2,67; CI 1,94-7,96), keberadaan breeding place di luar rumah (p=0,005; OR=3,50; CI 1,31-9,81) berhubungan secara statistik terhadap kejadian DBD. Hasil analisis multivariat diperoleh variabel keberadaan jentik di luar rumah (p=0,020; OR=17,29; CI 1,57-190,07). Kesimpulan : Faktor risiko yang paling berhubungan dengan kejadian DBD adalah keberadaan jentik Aedes sp di luar rumah. Keberadaan jentik Aedes sp di luar rumah erat kaitannya dengan breeding place di luar rumah. Adanya breeding place di luar rumah dapat menampung air hujan yang kemudian menjadi tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk Aedes sp.

Background: Over the past two years, cases of dengue is highest in the Bantul District in 2014 as many as 622 cases and in 2015 as many as 1417 cases. One of the endemic districts is Banguntapan. Based on data from District Health Office in Bantul, showed improvement of dengue cases as much as three-fold from 2014 to 2015 ie 93 cases to 282 cases. Determinant of degue hemorrgagic fever are environmental sanitation and presence of Aedes sp larva. Objective: Analyzing association between environmental sanitation and existence of Aedes sp larva with insidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Banguntapan, Bantul District. Method: This study was observational study with case control design which analyzed association between an effect with determinant. This study did on May until June 2016. Respondent of this study amounted 52 on case group and 52 on control group. Data analysis was made by chi-square test with uji chi-square, with alpha= 0,05 CI 95%. Result: Result of bivariat analysis showed quality of water reservoirs (p=0,003; OR=3,6; CI 1,38-9,70), depletion of water reservoirs (p=0,001; OR=4,09; CI 1,54-11,4), presence of Aedes sp larva (p=0,000; OR=4,42; CI 1,66-12,31), presence of Aedes sp larva inside house (p=0,019; OR=3,12; CI 1,07-9,84), presence of Aedes sp larva outside of house (p=0,038; OR=2,67; CI 1,94-7,96), presence of breeding place outside of home (p=0,005; OR=3,50; CI 1,31-9,81) showed statistically association againts insidence of dengue fever. Multivariat analysis was obtained variable of larva presence in outside of house was most related to dengue fever insidence (p=0,020; OR=17,29; CI 1,57-190,07). Conclusion : Determinant was most associated with insidence of dengue fever is presence of Aedes sp larva outside of house. The presence of Aedes sp larva outside has assosiation with presence of breeding place outside of home. The presence of breeding place outside of home can collect rainwater which becomes a breeding place for Aedes sp.

Kata Kunci : Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Aedes sp Larva, Environmental Sanitation

  1. S2-2016-371331-abstract.pdf  
  2. S2-2016-371331-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S2-2016-371331-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S2-2016-371331-title.pdf