MENTALITAS DAN IDEOLOGI DALAM TRADISI HISTORIOGRAFI SASAK-LOMBOK PADA ABAD XIX-XX

MUHAMMAD FADJRI,DRS.MA., Prof. Dr. Djoko Suryo, M.A.

2015 | Disertasi | S3 Sejarah

Studi ini dimaksudkan memberi penjelasan historiografis tentang cita-cita, makna dan tujuan hidup orang Sasak. Itu semua diekspresikan melalui mentalitas dan ideologi Sasak. Ia hadir sebagai pemersatu, pemberi kekuatan, pengarah hingga abad XX. Studi ini mengadaptasi pendekatan interpretasi Sejarah dan kritik teks. Untuk menghindari pemikiran dan berpikir spekulatif, penelitian ini mempergunakan metode-metode sejarah, seperti heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Studi ini menemukan bahwa pemahaman tentang Sasak berdasarkan studi-studi sebelumnya tidak selalu tepat. Studi ini menjelaskan bahwa ada orang Sasak kalangan perwangse-dengan jamaq, di samping kalangan bangsawan-kawule. Orang Sasak beragama Islam. Mereka mengidentifikasi diri mereka beragama Islam, bukan bude, wetu telu (W3) dan waktu lima (W5). Buktibukti di lapangan meyakinkan orang Sasak bahwa mereka tidak pernah dijajah oleh Bali. Keberadaan para tokoh Sasak, gagasangagasan sosio-kultural Sasak dalam dialek Sasak awal dan kitabkitab Sasak meyakinkan mereka bahwa mereka telah Islam sejak awal, abad XIII. Faktor-faktor keberadaan perwangse-dengan jamaq Sasak, keyakinan mereka kepada Islam, kitab-kitab Sasak yang terpelihara pada para penoaq-lokaq menjadikan orang Sasak mampu terus bertahan hidup dalam dominasi pihak luar Sasak. Mereka dijajah Belanda (1894-1942) dan Jepang (1942-1945). Mereka tertekan dalam sistem-sistem politik, ekonomi, budaya dan keagamaan Indonesia (1945-1998). Mereka gagal dalam artikulasi politik mereka (1998-2000). Tradisi lisan Sasak adalah sumber dan sejarah lisan Sasak. Ia melalui ideologi dan mentalitas tindih Sasak telah mengungkapkan cita-cita, makna dan tujuan kehidupan orang Sasak sepanjang sejarah keberadaan mereka. Kata kunci: ideologi, mentalitas, dan penjajahan

This study was intended to share historiographical explanation about the life ideals, meanings and goal of the Sasak people. Those are expressed through their ideology and mentality, which unite, empower, and direct them up to the twentieth century. This study adapted the historical interpretation approach and the critique of texts. The historical methods applied here were heuristic, the critique of sources, interpretation and historiography. This study found that the knowledge about Sasak based on previous studies were not always accurate. This study explained that there was another Sasak beside the bangsawan-kawule. They were kalangan perwangse-dengan jamaq. They were moslems. They firmly identified themselves as moslems, not bude, wetu telu (W3) and waktu lima (W5). Evidences convinced them that they have never been colonized by Balinese. The findings of their founders, socio-cultural ideas in their earliest dialect, Sasak old books convinced them that they had been moslems in the thirteenth century. The facts on the existence of the Sasak perwangse-dengan jamaq, their being moslems, their old books conserved by their penoaq-lokaq made them survived under the domination of the outsiders. They were colonized by the Dutch (1894-1942) dan the Japanese (1942-1945). They were victimized under the Indonsian political, economic, cultural, and religious systems (1945-1998). They failed to articulate their political ambition (1998-2000). The Sasak oral tradition was the source and oral hisyory. It was through tindih ideology and mentality the Sasak people have expressed their ideals, meaning and goal of life. Key words: ideology, mentality, and colonization

Kata Kunci : ideologi, mentalitas, dan penjajahan; ideology, mentality, and colonization