Bahan pewarna azo yang sering digunakan untuk pewarnaan pada industri batik diketahui memiliki efek sitotoksik di dalam tubuh. Bahan ini dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui saluran pernafasan yang terhubung dengan rongga mulut melalui faring. Bahan yang bersifat sitotoksik dapat menyebabkan kematian sel (nekrosis). Kematian sel ditandai dengan dengan perubahan inti sel yang salah satunya berupa kariolisis. Kariolisis merupakan tahap akhir dari proses kematian sel yang dapat dideteksi dengan metode exfoliative cytology pada sel epitel mukosa bukal rongga mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek paparan bahan pewarna azo terhadap perubahan inti sel kariolisis epitel mukosa bukal pengrajin batik di Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional. Subjek sebanyak 20 orang laki-laki dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu 10 subjek perlakuan dan 10 subjek kontrol. Kriteria subjek perlakuan adalah pengrajin batik bagian pewarnaan yang terpapar bahan pewarna azo, sedangkan subjek kontrol adalah bukan pekerja batik yang tidak terpapar bahan pewarna azo. Sel epitel mukosa bukal rongga mulut diambil menggunakan cytobrush dan dicat menggunakan metode modifikasi Feulgen-Rossenbeck. Identifikasi dan perhitungan sel kariolisis dilakukan per 1000 sel dengan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil perhitungan dianalisis dengan uji t independen (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna jumlah sel epitel mukosa bukal rongga mulut yang mengalami kariolisis antara kelompok pengrajin batik dibanding kontrol. Kesimpulan penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa bahan pewarna azo secara bermakna meningkatkan jumlah kariolisis sel epitel bukal mukosa rongga mulut pengrajin batik di Yogyakarta. Peningkatan jumlah kariolisis sel epitel mukosa bukal meningkat seiring peningkatan durasi waktu paparan.

Azo dyes, which are often used in textille industrial of batik dyes stuff, were detected have potential cytotoxic effects in human body. These substances get into the body through respiratory tract that connected to oral cavity by pharynx. Cytotoxic substances could cause cell death (necrosis). Cell death characterized by nuclear changes of cell. One of those changes is karyolysis. Karyolysis is final stage of cell death that could be evaluated by exfoliative cytology method in buccal mucosa epithelial cell of oral cavity. This research is aimed to know the exposure effect of azo dyes in the increase of karyolysis nucleus in buccal mucosal epithelial cells of batik workers in Yogyakarta. Research made within cross sectional study. Subjects were 20 males divided into 2 groups, that is 10 treatment subjects and 10 controls. Treatment subjects criteria were batik dyeing workers who were exposed to azo dyes, while controls were healthy non batik workers who were not exposed to azo dyes. Buccal mucosa epithelial cell of oral cavity were taken using cytobrush and stained using modified Feulgen-Rossenbeck method. Then, indentify and calculate the cumulative frequency rate of karyolysis buccal mucosa epithelial cell per 1000 cells under light microscope. The data was analyzed by Independent Sample T-Test (p<0,05). This research result showed there were significant differences karyolysis number of buccal mucosa epithelial cell of oral cavity between batik workers group who were exposed to azo dyes and controls. As conclusion, the exposure of azo dyes affect the number of increasing karyolysis in buccal mucosa epithelial cell of batik workers oral cavity in Yogyakarta. The advancement value of karyolysis number in buccal mucosa ephitelial cell occured to increase as the advancing value of exposure duration to batik workers.

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